Masalah Kulit Akibat Penyakit Ginjal

Masalah Kulit Akibat Penyakit Ginjal
Ilustrasi masalah kulit. Credit: Freepik

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Penyakit ginjal pada tahap awal sering kali tidak menunjukkan gejala yang jelas. Seiring dengan berkembangnya penyakit, Anda mungkin merasakan gejala lainnya, yaitu masalah pada kulit. Beberapa masalah kulit yang sering muncul terkait dengan penyakit ginjal di antaranya kulit gatal, muncul ruam merah, hingga perubahan warna. 

 

Masalah Kulit Akibat Penyakit Ginjal

Dilansir dari American Academy of Dermatology Association, beberapa masalah kulit yang berkaitan dengan masalah ginjal antara lain:

Kulit kering

Kulit kering banyak dialami pengidap penyakit ginjal stadium akhir yang membutuhkan dialisis atau transplantasi ginjal. Gangguan fungsi ginjal membuat penurunan kandungan air pada kelenjar epidermis kulit sehingga kulit menjadi kering, kasar, dan bersisik. Gejala lain yang muncul adalah kulit terasa kencang seperti tertarik dan mudah pecah-pecah. 

Kulit gatal

Kulit gatal atau pruritus merupakan gejala umum penyakit ginjal stadium lanjut, tetapi juga bisa dialami pasien gagal ginjal stadium awal. Anda mungkin merasakan gatal yang terus-menerus sepanjang hari, baik di satu area kulit maupun menyebar ke sebagian besar tubuh Anda.

Untuk meredakan rasa gatal, biasanya pasien terus-menerus menggaruk area yang gatal. Kebiasaan menggaruk berlebihan ini dapat menyebabkan kulit berdarah atau luka, tebal dan kasar, juga muncul benjolan keras yang sangat gatal (nodularis prurigo). Dokter dapat memberikan terapi fototerapi UVB untuk meredakan rasa gatal.

Gambar 1: Pruritus renal. Credit: Dermnetnz

Gambar 1: Pruritus renal. Credit: Dermnetnz

 

Baca Juga: Penyebab Tumor Ginjal dan Cara Penanganannya

Perubahan warna pada kulit

Pengidap penyakit ginjal juga dapat mengalami perubahan warna kulit akibat penumpukan racun yang tidak berhasil terbuang sempurna. Beberapa gejala perubahan warna kulit yang dapat muncul antara lain:

  • Warna pucat yang tidak sehat
  • Kulit berwarna keabu-abuan atau kekuningan 
  • Area kulit yang gelap
  • Kista dan bintik yang tampak seperti komedo putih

Pembengkakan

Ginjal bertugas membuang kelebihan cairan dan garam dari tubuh. Ketika fungsi ginjal terganggu, hal ini dapat menyebabkan pembengkakan di beberapa bagian tubuh seperti kaki, pergelangan kaki, tangan, dan wajah.

Ruam

Gangguan proses pembuangan limbah oleh ginjal juga dapat menyebabkan munculnya ruam. Ruam pada pengidap ginjal stadium akhir dapat berupa benjolan kecil, berbentuk kubah, dan sangat gatal. Setelah benjolan ini hilang, akan muncul benjolan yang lain dan membentuk bercak kasar dan menonjol.

Baca Juga: Penyebab Umum Penyakit Ginjal Kronis pada Anak

Melepuh

Pengidap penyakit ginjal stadium akhir juga dapat mengalami kulit melepuh pada tangan, wajah, dan kaki. Lepuhan pada kulit akan terbuka, mengering, dan mengeras. Ketika lepuhan menghilang maka akan muncul bekas luka.

Endapan kalsium di bawah kulit

Salah satu fungsi ginjal adalah menyeimbangkan mineral tertentu dalam darah seperti natrium dan fosfat. Jika ginjal tidak dapat menjaga keseimbangan cairan, maka kadar natrium dan fosfat akan meningkat, sehingga memicu terbentuknya endapan kalsium.

Endapan kalsium biasanya terbentuk di sekitar sendi dan tidak menimbulkan rasa sakit. Namun jika endapan terjadi di ujung jari, hal ini dapat menyebabkan rasa sakit yang hebat.

 

Penyakit ginjal dapat menyebabkan masalah kulit seperti gatal atau ruam. Masalah kulit ini dapat terjadi pada stadium awal, namun paling umum terjadi pada stadium lanjut. Jika terjadi, ruam dapat muncul di seluruh tubuh atau hanya di area tertentu. Sebaiknya hindari menggaruk area yang gatal secara berlebihan karena dapat menyebabkan lesi dan luka lain pada kulit.

Jika memiliki pertanyaan seputar masalah kulit dan penyakit ginjal, Anda dapat berkonsultasi ke dokter. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh melalui App Store atau Play Store. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 7 Oktober 2024 | 13:26

American Academy of Dermatology Association. Available from: https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/kidney-disease-warning-signs#

Fletcher, J. (2023). What to know about itchy skin and rashes with kidney disease. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/rash-kidney-disease-itchy-skin

Fields, D. Renal Disease and Skin Problems. Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/Renal-Disease-and-Skin-Problems.aspx

National Kidney Foundation. Chronic Kidney Disease – Associated Pruritus (Itchy Skin). Available from: https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/chronic-kidney-disease-associated-pruritus-itchy-skin

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.44msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7105 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7105
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 786 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 786
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new550μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 1 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.26msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9185 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9185
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.24msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8226 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8226
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.2msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8415 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8415
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7709 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7709
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.03msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10035 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10035
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.39msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8767 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8767
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6499 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6499
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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