Penyebab Tumor Ginjal dan Cara Penanganannya

Penyebab Tumor Ginjal dan Cara Penanganannya
Ilustrasi pemeriksaan ginjal.

Bagikan :


Tumor ginjal adalah pertumbuhan jaringan abnormal di area ginjal. Jaringan ini dapat bersifat jinak maupun ganas. Belum diketahui dengan pasti penyebab munculnya tumor ginjal, namun beberapa gaya hidup dapat meningkatkan risiko munculnya tumor ginjal.

 

Penyebab Tumor Ginjal

Tumor ginjal dapat dialami siapa saja, namun umumnya dialami orang yang berusia 65 tahun ke atas. Beberapa tumor ginjal yang berukuran kecil (sekitar 4 cm) tidak bersifat kanker. Tumor ini biasanya tidak menyebar ke area lain di tubuh. Namun pada tumor berukuran besar, umumya bersifat ganas, tumbuh dengan cepat, dan dapat menyebar ke bagian tubuh lainnya.

Tumor ginjal yang bersifat ganas menyebar ke lemak, pembuluh darah, atau kelenjar adrenal di sekitar ginjal. Tumor ini dapat menyebar ke area lain di tubuh melalui aliran darah atau sistem limfatik dan membentuk tumor baru. Proses ini dikenal dengan istilah metastasis.

Penyebab tumor ginjal belum dapat diketahui dengan pasti, namun para ahli mengungkapkan beberapa gaya hidup dapat menjadi faktor risiko yang memicu tumor ginjal, seperti:

  • Merokok atau menggunakan produk tembakau: Kandungan racun dan zat kimia lainnya pada rokok merusak DNA pada sel ginjal sehingga memicu pertumbuhan sel abnormal.
  • Minum minuman beralkohol: Alkohol mengandung zat kimia yang memengaruhi fungsi organ tubuh dan berisiko merusak sel ginjal.
  • Mengalami obesitas: Obesitas meningkatkan peradangan dan risiko tumbuhnya jaringan abnormal pada ginjal.
  • Riwayat hipertensi: Hipertensi yang tidak terkendali berisiko meningkatkan kerusakan pembuluh darah yang dapat memicu kerusakan sel ginjal.
  • Riwayat tumor ginjal atau kanker ginjal pada keluarga: Jika dalam keluarga memiliki riwayat tumor ginjal, maka seseorang memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk terkena tumor ginjal. 
  • Paparan klorin: Sering terpapar zat kimia yang mengandung klorin dapat meningkatkan risiko terkena tumor ginjal.

Baca Juga: Penyebab Umum Penyakit Ginjal Kronis pada Anak

 

Penanganan Tumor Ginjal

Penanganan tumor ginjal bergantung pada ukuran tumor ginjal dan apakah jenis tumor termasuk ganas atau tidak. Pilihan pengobatan tumor ginjal mencakup:

Pemantauan secara rutin

Untuk jenis tumor kecil dan jinak, serta belum menyebar ke area lain, dokter dapat merekomendasikan pemeriksaan dan pemantauan secara rutin dengan tes pencitraan. Pada tahapan ini, umumnya dokter tidak menawarkan pengobatan khusus kecuali jika hasil tes berubah dan menunjukkan pembesaran jaringan abnormal. Pemeriksaan dapat dilakukan secara rutin setiap 3 bulan, 6 bulan, atau setahun sekali. 

Terapi ablasi

Dokter dapat merekomendasikan terapi ablasi, yaitu menghancurkan sel tumor menggunakan suhu panas atau dingin yang ekstrem. Beberapa jenis terapi ablasi yang bisa diberikan antara lain krioblasi dan ablasi menggunakan frekuensi radio.

Baca Juga: Infeksi Ginjal, Kenali Gejala dan Penyebabnya

Terapi radiasi

Terapi ini dilakukan menggunakan radiasi untuk menghancurkan sel tumor ginjal. Terapi ini biasa diberikan pada pasien yang hanya memiliki satu ginjal dan tidak dapat menjalani operasi.

Operasi

Dokter dapat merekomendasikan operasi pengangkatan sebagian atau seluruh ginjal yang memiliki tumor, dan kelenjar getah bening di sekitar ginjal untuk mencegah penyebaran sel ganas. 

Terapi obat yang ditargetkan

Dokter dapat merekomendasikan terapi obat yang ditargetkan jika pasien tidak dapat menjalani operasi. Terapi ini juga bisa diberikan setelah operasi untuk mencegah sel tumor berkembang kembali. Pemberian obat ini juga dapat membantu menghentikan pertumbuhan pembuluh darah baru atau membatasi protein tertentu yang membantu pertumbuhan sel kanker.

 

Tumor ginjal belum diketahui penyebabnya, namun beberapa gaya hidup dapat menjadi faktor risiko terbentuknya tumor ginjal. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan seputar tumor ginjal, Anda bisa berkonsultasi ke dokter atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh melalui App Store atau Play Store

 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 4 Oktober 2024 | 15:02

Cleveland Clinic. Kidney tumor. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24321-kidney-tumor

Mayo Clinic. Kidney cancer. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352664

American Cancer Society. What Is Kidney Cancer?. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/about/what-is-kidney-cancer.html

National Kidney Foundation. Kidney Cancer. Available from: https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/kidney-cancer

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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