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Lupus Nefritis, Kenali Gejala, Tingkatan dan Penanganannya

Lupus Nefritis, Kenali Gejala, Tingkatan dan Penanganannya
Ilustrasi lupus nefritis. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Ginjal adalah organ dalam tubuh manusia yang berperan penting dalam penyaringan limbah darah. Adanya masalah pada ginjal dapat mengganggu proses pengeluaran limbah tersebut. Salah satu masalah pada ginjal dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi medis lain, yaitu lupus nefritis. Seperti apa penyakit lupus nefritis dan bagaimana penanganannya? Yuk, simak dalam ulasan berikut.

 

Apa Itu Lupus Nefritis?

Lupus nefritis adalah kondisi peradangan pada ginjal yang dipicu oleh penyakit systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) atau yang dikenal dengan istilah penyakit lupus. Penyakit lupus merupakan gangguan autoimun dimana sistem kekebalan tubuh menyerang jaringan yang sehat. Peradangan ini dapat terjadi di berbagai organ manusia. Pada lupus nefritis, organ yang diserang adalah ginjal.

Sebagian besar penderita lupus juga mengalami lupus nefritis. Ketika ginjal mengalami peradangan, ginjal tidak akan berfungsi dengan normal dan membuat ginjal bocor. Jika tidak dikendalikan dengan tepat, lupus nefritis dapat memicu terjadinya gagal ginjal.

 

Baca Juga: Mengapa Pengidap Lupus Sebaiknya Menghindari Paparan Sinar Matahari?

 

Gejala Lupus Nefritis

Lupus nefritis adalah kondisi peradangan serius yang tanda-tandanya mungkin sulit dikenali di awal peradangan.

Gejala lupus nefritis dapat bervariasi pada setiap orang dan dapat berbeda dari hari ke hari. Beberapa gejala yang muncul, antara lain:

  • Penambahan berat badan
  • Tekanan darah tinggi
  • Urine yang berbusa
  • Pembengkakan di kaki seperti betis atau pergelangan kaki
  • Pembengkakan di wajah atau tangan

Perlu diperhatikan bagi para pengidap penyakit ginjal bahwa gejala lupus nefritis terkadang mirip dengan masalah ginjal lainnya.

Beberapa obat-obatan lupus juga dapat memengaruhi ginjal dan meyebabkan pembengkakan yang mirip dengan lupus nefritis. Salah satu hal yang membedakan pembengkakan ginjal akibat pengobatan lupus dengan gejala lupus nefritis adalah jika ginjal bengkak akibat pengobatan, maka pembengkakan akan mereda setelah pengobatan dihentikan. Namun pada lupus nefritis, pembengkakan pada ginjal dapat berlangsung lebih lama.

 

Baca Juga: Apakah Penyakit Lupus Menular? Begini Penjelasannya

 

Tingkatan Lupus Nefritis

Dilansir dari WebMD, penyakit lupus nefritis dapat dibagi menjadi 6 tingkatan dimana semakin tinggi tingkatannya berarti kondisi tersebut semakin parah. Tingkatan keparahan lupus nefritis, antara lain:

Kelas 1: Kerusakan ginjal minor, tidak tampak gejala khusus

Kelas 2: Terlihat kerusakan ginjal yang jelas, terdapat protein atau darah pada urine yang ditemukan pada pemeriksaan laboratorium

Kelas 3: Terdapat kerusakan hingga kurang dari 50% pada pembuluh darah di ginjal, kadar darah dan protein lebih tinggi, kemungkinan mengalami tekanan tinggi

Kelas 4: Kerusakan pembuluh darah di ginjal lebih dari 50%, terdapat darah dan protein di urine, kemungkinan tekanan darah tinggi dan kemungkinan menjalani dialisis karena ginjal tidak dapat berfungsi optimal

Kelas 5: Terjadi penebalan pada bagian ginjal, adanya darah dan protein di urine, tekanan darah tinggi, dan kemungkinan menjalani dialisis atau transplantasi ginjal

Kelas 6: Terjadi kerusakan hingga lebih dari 90% pembuluh darah pada ginjal. Jika terdapat terapi yang memungkinkan maka dapat dilakukan dialisis atau transplantasi ginjal, tekanan darah tinggi dan terdapat kadar protein dan darah pada urine.

 

Penanganan Lupus Nefritis

Hingga saat ini belum diketahui pengobatan khusus untuk lupus nefritis. Pengobatan yang diberikan pada pasien lupus nefritis bertujuan untuk mengurangi gejala yang muncul dan mencegah gejala untuk muncul kembali. Pengobatan juga bertujuan untuk menjaga agar ginjal dapat berfungsi dengan baik sehingga pasien tidak perlu cuci darah atau transplantasi ginjal.

Penanganan yang bisa diberikan, antara lain:

  • Perubahan pola makan untuk mengurangi beban kerja ginjal
  • Pemberian obat penurun tekanan darah
  • Pemberian obat-obatan untuk menjaga agar sistem kekebalan tubuh tidak menyerang sel sehat

Apabila kerusakan ginjal semakin parah, maka dokter dapat merekomendasikan cuci darah dan transplantasi ginjal.

Pengidap lupus nefritis dapat hidup normal dengan penanganan yang tepat. Lakukan pemeriksan kesehatan secara rutin untuk mengetahui perkembangan kondisi kesehatan ginjal Anda. Jika memiliki pertanyaan seputar kesehatan ginjal sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 27 Oktober 2023 | 05:07

Dunkin, M. (2023). Lupus Nephritis. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lupus/lupus-nephritis

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease. Lupus and Kidney Disease (Lupus Nephritis). Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/lupus-nephritis

WebMD Editorial Contributors. Lupus. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lupus/arthritis-lupus

Mayo Clinic. Lupus Nephritis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lupus-nephritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354335

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2801
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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