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  • Mengapa Pengidap Lupus Sebaiknya Menghindari Paparan Sinar Matahari?

Mengapa Pengidap Lupus Sebaiknya Menghindari Paparan Sinar Matahari?

Mengapa Pengidap Lupus Sebaiknya Menghindari Paparan Sinar Matahari?
Credit: Freepik

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Lupus adalah penyakit autoimun dimana terjadi peradangan pada berbagai sistem organ tubuh. Bagi pengidap lupus, ada sejumlah pantangan yang perlu dihindari agar peradangan tidak kambuh. Salah satunya adalah menghindari paparan sinar matahari. Apa pengaruh sinar matahari pada penyakit Lupus? Temukan jawabannya dalam ulasan berikut.

 

Apa Itu Penyakit Lupus?

Lupus adalah penyakit autoimun dimana sistem kekebalan tubuh menyerang jaringan dan organ tubuh yang sehat. Hal ini menyebabkan peradangan terus-menerus di dalam tubuh. Peradangan ini dapat menyerang seluruh bagian tubuh seperti jantung, sendi, ginjal, dan paru-paru. Penyakit ini bersifat kronis yang dapat berlangsung seumur hidup.

Penyakit lupus memiliki gejala yang mirip dengan penyakit lainnya sehingga terkadang terlambat dideteksi. Beberapa gejala lupus antara lain:

  • Nyeri otot dan sendi
  • Ruam di wajah yang mirip kupu-kupu
  • Nyeri dada
  • Rambut menipis
  • Demam
  • Penurunan berat badan secara tiba-tiba
  • Badan mudah lelah

 

Baca Juga: Kenali Gejala Penyakit Lupus pada Wanita

 

Lupus dan Sinar Matahari

Pada pengidap lupus, sebagian besar akan mengalami fotosensitivitas atau kepekaan terhadap cahaya. Kondisi ini dialami 40-70% pengidap lupus. Radiasi sinar ultraviolet (UV) dapat lebih mudah merusak sel dan mengubah DNA. Kerusakan ini akan menyebabkan jaringan kulit luka dan terbakar ketika terpapar sinar matahari.

Fotosensitivitas pada pengidap lupus ditandai dengan munculnya ruam pada kulit yang dikenal dengan butterfly rash karena bentuknya mirip kupu-kupu. Selain itu paparan sinar matahari juga dapat menimbulkan gejala lainnya seperti:

  • Gatal-gatal
  • Kulit terasa menyengat dan terbakar
  • Peradangan sendi
  • Badan terasa lemas dan kelelahan
  • Sakit kepala
  • Muncul lesi

Ruam atau lesi yang muncul di kulit setelah paparan sinar matahari dapat datang dan pergi dalam beberapa jam atau bertahan hingga beberapa hari dan bulan setelah paparan. Sinar matahari juga dapat menyebabkan pengidap lupus mengalami flare, yaitu kondisi memburuk di seluruh tubuh. Gejala flare di antaranya kesemutan, nyeri sendi hingga kebas.

Setiap orang memiliki sensitivitas pada cahaya yang berbeda-beda. Pada beberapa orang, gejala dapat muncul akibat paparan cahaya terang selain matahari, namun pada sebagian lainnya dapat muncul gejala setelah beberapa hari terpapar sinar matahari. Apabila Anda mengalami peningkatan sensitivitas pada cahaya akibat lupus, maka sebaiknya lakukan upaya proteksi agar terhindar dari paparan matahari.

 

Baca Juga: Tips Merawat Kulit bagi Penderita Lupus

 

Tips Melindungi Diri dari Paparan Sinar Matahari

Setiap orang perlu melindungi diri dari paparan sinar matahari, terutama bagi pengidap lupus yang mengalami peningkatan sensitivitas cahaya. Untuk melindungi diri dari paparan sinar matahari, berikut ini beberapa cara yang bisa Anda lakukan:

 

Menggunakan Pakaian Panjang Saat Beraktivitas di Luar Rumah

Untuk melindungi diri dari radiasi sinar UV, Anda dianjurkan menggunakan pakaian yang melindungi diri dari sinar matahari. Sinar UV dapat melewati kain tipis berwarna terang dan tenunan longgar. Untuk perlindungan optimal, Anda dapat mengenakan kemeja dan celana lengan panjang berbahan tenunan rapat, berwarna gelap serta menggunakan topi lebar.

 

Gunakan Sunscreen

Selain mengenakan pakaian panjang, Anda juga dianjurkan untuk selalu menggunakan sunscreen setiap hari, baik saat beraktivitas di dalam maupun di luar rumah. Dalam memilih sunscreen, pilih produk yang memiliki SPF minimal 30, melindungi dari sinar UVA dan UVB dan bersifat hypoallergenic.

Oleskan sunscreen di wajah dan tubuh serta pastikan Anda mengoleskannya secara merata termasuk di leher, telinga dan bagian tubuh lainnya yang terpapar sinar matahari. Agar sunscreen dapat bekerja optimal, oleskan ulang sunscreen setiap 2-3 jam sekali.

Selain cara di atas, Anda juga dapat mengurangi frekuensi beraktivitas di luar rumah, atau selalu berlindung di tempat yang teduh untuk menghindari paparan sinar matahari. 

 

Paparan sinar matahari dapat memicu gejala flare pada pengidap lupus. Untuk itu sebaiknya kurangi paparan sinar matahari dengan menggunakan sunscreen atau memakai pakaian panjang. Jika muncul flare setelah beraktivitas di luar rumah sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:50

Ludlam, K. (2022). Lupus Photosensitivity and UV Light. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lupus/lupus-photosensitivity-uv#

Lupus. UV exposure: What you need to know. Available from: https://www.lupus.org/resources/uv-exposure-what-you-need-to-know

The Healthline Editorial Team. Lupus and Sun Exposure. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/lupus-sun-exposure

Zimlich, R. (2022). Lupus and Sun Exposure: What to Know. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/lupus-and-sun-5219906

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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