Gondongan pada Dewasa Lebih Serius, Kenali Gejalanya

Gondongan pada Dewasa Lebih Serius, Kenali Gejalanya
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Gondongan adalah infeksi virus yang menyerang kelenjar air liur. Sebagian besar penyakit ini dialami oleh anak-anak meskipun dapat dialami orang dewasa. Pada orang dewasa, gondongan umumnya  menunjukkan gejala yang lebih serius. Seperti apa gondongan pada orang dewasa? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Itu Gondongan?

Gondongan adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus. Infeksi gondongan dapat menyebabkan bengkak dan nyeri pada kelenjar air liur di tengorokan (parotitis). Kondisi ini biasanya ditandai dengan gejala ringan seperti demam, sakit kepala dan badan terasa lelah, lalu diikuti pembengkakan pada kelenjar yang berada di belakang telinga.

Pada anak-anak, bengkak akibat gondongan dapat berkurang dalam beberapa hari. Namun pada dewasa, gondongan dapat berkembang menjadi serius karena meyerang organ lainnya.

 

Penyebab Gondongan

Gondongan disebabkan oleh virus jenis paramyxovirus. Virus ini dapat menyebar dari satu orang ke orang lain melalui kontak langsung dengan air liur yang terinfeksi atau melalui percikan droplet. Penularan virus gondongan umumnya terjadi ketika seseorang menjalani aktivitas berikut:

  • Batuk, bersin atau bicara
  • Berbagi mainan serta alat makan dan minum
  • Berolahraga
  • Berciuman
  • Aktivitas lain yang melibatkan kontak erat

Apabila dalam keluarga Anda ada yang terinfeksi gondongan sebaiknya hindari kontak erat dengan pasien selama pembengkakan masih terjadi.

 

Baca Juga: Apa Penyebab Gondongan dan Bagaimana Mengatasinya?

 

Gejala Gondongan pada Orang Dewasa

Secara umum gejala gondongan pada orang dewasa tidak jauh berbeda dengan gondongan pada anak-anak. Gejala gondongan umumnya akan muncul 2 minggu setelah paparan terhadap virus. Beberapa gejala gondongan mirip dengan gejala flu, yaitu badan lelah, sakit kepala, hilang nafsu makan dan demam.

Setelah demam, kelenjar air liur akan mengalami pembengkakan yang dapat berkembang dari hari ke hari. Pembengkakan kelenjar juga akan disertai dengan rasa sakit atau nyeri.

Pada orang dewasa, infeksi virus penyebab gondongan dapat menyebabkan komplikasi dengan menyerang organ lainnya seperti saraf, otak dan testis. Beberapa komplikasi gondongan umumnya dapat menyebabkan peradangan di organ lainnya seperti:

  • Selaput otak
  • Salah satu atau kedua payudara (orkitis) dan jaringan payudara (mastitis)
  • Salah satu atau kedua ovarium (ovaritis)
  • Pankreatitis
  • Ketulian

Bagi ibu hamil yang terinfeksi virus gondongan dianjurkan menjalani pemeriksaan serius karena infeksi virus ini dapat menyebabkan keguguran, terutama bagi ibu hamil yang belum mendapatkan vaksin MMR.

Yang juga perlu diperhatikan adalah gejala gondongan sering kali mirip dengan gejala lainnya sebelum terjadinya pembengkakan. Apabila Anda mengalami gejala seperti flu atau gondongan maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter.

 

Baca Juga: Benarkah saat Radang Tenggorokan Tidak Boleh Minum Dingin?

 

Penanganan dan Pencegahan Gondongan

Hingga saat ini belum ada penanganan khusus untuk mengatasi gondongan. Penyakit ini termasuk infeksi yan gdapat sembuh dengan sendirinya selama beberapa hari. Penggunaan antibiotik tidak efektif untuk mengatasi virus penyebab gondongan. Beberapa penanganan gondongan yang dapat Anda lakukan di rumah, antara lain:

  • Perbanyak istrahat
  • Minum obat pereda nyeri dan demam
  • Kompres dingin pada area yang bengkak
  • Minum banyak cairan untuk menghindari dehidrasi akibat demam

Orang yang mengidap gondongan umumnya mengalami kesulitan menelan. Untuk itu sebaiknya perbanyak makan makanan hangat dan lembut seperti sup atau bubur. Selama terasa nyeri teggorokan sebaiknya hindari mengonsumsi makanan asam atau pedas yang meningkatkan rasa nyeri di kelenjar air liur.

Sementara itu untuk langkah pencegahan, Anda dapat melakukan vaksinasi MMR. Vaksinasi MMR tersedia untuk anak mulai usia 9 bulan hingga dewasa. Hubungi layanan kesehatan di sekitar Anda untuk mendapatkan jadwal vaksinasi MMR terdekat. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 07:28

Mayo Clinic. Mumps. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mumps/symptoms-causes/syc-20375361#

NHS. Mumps. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mumps/

CDC. Mumps. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/index.html

Cleveland Clinic. Mumps. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15007-mumps

John Hopkins Medicine. Mumps in Adults. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/mumps-in-adults

 

Roth, E. (2023). Mumps: Prevention, Symptoms, and Treatment. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/mumps

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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