Apa Penyebab Gondongan dan Bagaimana Mengatasinya?

Apa Penyebab Gondongan dan Bagaimana Mengatasinya?
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Pernahkah Anda melihat anak mengalami gondongan? Meskipun banyak dialami anak-anak, namun gondongan sebenarnya merupakan penyakit yang bisa dialami orang dewasa. Kondisi ini biasanya ditandai dengan membengkaknya leher. Apa sebenarnya penyebab gondongan?

 

Apa Itu Gondongan?

Gondongan, atau yang dalam istilah medis dikenal dengan parotitis merupakan kondisi membengkaknya kelenjar air liur (parotis) akibat infeksi virus (mumps). Dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, gondongan merupakan infeksi yang memengaruhi kelenjar air liur yang berada di dekat telinga. Saat mengalami gondongan, pembengkakan bisa terjadi pada satu atau kedua kelenjar air liur.

Akibatnya, pipi dan rahang bagian bawah akan terlihat bengkak dan menimbulkan rasa nyeri. Biasanya bagian yang mengalami bengkak akan terasa panas atau hangat.

 

Penularan dan Gejala Gondongan

Gondongan disebabkan oleh virus yang mudah menular melalui air liur. Jika daya tahan tubuh Anda sedang lemah, Anda bisa tertular gondongan melalui percikan air liur dari batuk atau bersin orang yang terinfeksi. Penularan virus gondongan juga dapat terjadi melalui kontak langsung dengan benda-benda yang terkontaminasi virus.

Jika Anda terinfeksi virus penyebab gondongan, terkadang kondisi ini tidak menyebabkan gejala. Ketika gejala muncul, biasanya akan mereda dalam waktu 2-3 minggu setelah terpapar virus. Tanda utama dari infeksi virus penyebab gondongan adalah membengkaknya kelenjar air liur yang membuat leher ikut membengkak.

Gejala lain dari gondongan adalah:

  • Rasa nyeri saat mengunyah
  • Demam
  • Sakit kepala
  • Badan lemas dan terasa lelah
  • Kehilangan nafsu makan

 

Apakah Gondongan Merupakan Penyakit Berbahaya?

Dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, jika Anda mengalami gejala gondongan maka sebaiknya segera periksakan diri ke dokter. Gondongan dapat menular sejak gejala awal muncul hingga 9 hari berikutnya.

Selama masa penyembuhan, Anda dianjurkan untuk banyak beristirahat dan mengonsumsi obat-obatan pereda nyeri sesuai rekomendasi dokter. Secara umum gondongan bukan merupakan penyakit berbahaya, namun gondongan dapat menjadi gejala infeksi penyakit lainnya seperti tonsillitis atau demam kelenjar.

Menurut CDC, gondongan juga dapat menyebabkan komplikasi penyakit lainnya seperti peradangan di testis, ovarium, pankreas, otak dan jaringan yang menutup otak dan sumsum tulang belakang (meningens), hingga ketulian.

 

Bagaimana Mengatasi Gondongan?

Gondongan disebabkan oleh virus sehingga tidak diperlukan penanganan dengan antibiotik. Penyakit ini dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya dalam beberapa hari. Umumnya, orang yang mengalami gondongan dapat kembali bersekolah atau bekerja setelah 5 hari dari munculnya gejala karena sudah tidak menular.

Penanganan gondongan terbaik adalah dengan beristirahat. Untuk mempercepat penyembuhan dan meminimalisir penularan, Anda dianjurkan untuk mengurangi kontak dengan orang lain. Selain itu, Anda bisa minum obat pereda nyeri seperti aceteminophen atau ibuprofen.

Sedangkan untuk meredakan nyeri pada kelenjar air liur, Anda bisa mengompres bagian yang nyeri dengan air hangat atau dingin. Agar tidak sulit saat makan, dianjurkan untuk makan makanan yang lembut dan tidak butuh banyak mengunyah. Makanan seperti bubur, sup kaldu dan makanan lembut lainnya bisa menjadi alternatif makanan saat gondongan. 

Anda juga bisa mengurangi makanan asam seperti jus jeruk yang dapat merangsang kelenjar air liur. Yang tidak kalah penting, perbanyak asupan cairan tubuh agar tidak dehidrasi dan mempercepat penyembuhan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 23:38

NHS. Mumps. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mumps/

WebMD. What Are Mumps Symptoms? Available from: https://www.webmd.com/children/vaccines/mumps-symptoms

CDC. Signs & Symptoms of Mumps. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/about/signs-symptoms.html

 

Mayo Clinic. Mumps. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mumps/symptoms-causes/syc-20375361

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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