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  • Benarkah Gangguan Tidur dapat Meningkatkan Risiko Demensia?

Benarkah Gangguan Tidur dapat Meningkatkan Risiko Demensia?

Benarkah Gangguan Tidur dapat Meningkatkan Risiko Demensia?
Ilustrasi orang tidur. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Gangguan tidur dapat memicu penyakit kronis lainnya seperti diabetes, hipertensi dan obesitas. Pada kelompok usia 50-60 tahun ke atas, kurang tidur juga dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya demensia.

 

Hubungan Antara Kurang Tidur dengan Demensia

Kurang tidur memicu demensia

Demensia adalah sekumpulan kondisi yang menyebabkan penurunan daya ingat dan cara berikir yang biasanya dialami oleh lansia. Sebuah penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pola tidur seseorang terlebih di usia 50-60 tahun dapat berkaitan dengan risiko demensia.

Baik kurang tidur atau tidur lebih lama dari rata-rata disebut memiliki kemungkinan lebih besar terkena demensia. Namun, belum dapat ditentukan apakah perubahan pola tidur ini berkontribusi terhadap penyakit atau sekadar mencerminkan gejala awal.

Dalam sebuah penelitian yang dilakukan Harvard Medical School pada 2800 responden usia 65 tahun ke atas mengungkapkan bahwa kelompok lansia yang tidur kurang dari 5 jam per malam berisiko 2 kali lebih tinggi mengalami demensia jika dibandingkan dengan mereka yang tidur 6-8 jam per malam.

Penelitian lain yang dilakukan pada 8000 responden mengungkapkan bahwa kelompok lansia berusia 50, 60, 70 tahun dan tidur kurang dari 6 jam per hari memiliki risiko demensia 30% lebih tinggi dari responden yang memiliki waktu tidur normal 7 jam per hari.

Belum diketahui hubungan antara kurang tidur dengan risiko demensia, namun para ahli mengungkapkan teori yang berkaitan dengan protein di otak bernama beta amyloid.

Pada siang hari, otak secara alami membuat protein beta amyloid. Pada malam hari saat kita tidur, otak kita membuang protein tersebut. Ketika seseorang kurang tidur, hal ini dapat membatasi kemampuan otak untuk menghilangkan beta amiloid dan zat lainnya. Akibatnya terjadi penumpukan protein tersebut yang lama kelamaan akan menyebabkan demensia.

Baca Juga: Segala Hal Tentang Demensia, Mulai Dari Penyebab Hingga Cara Mencegahnya

 

Gangguan tidur sebagai gejala demensia

Normalnya, seseorang dapat tidur nyenyak setelah menjalani 4-6 siklus tidur dengan durasi yang berbeda-beda. Pada tahap 3 dan 4, tubuh akan memulihkan dirinya sendiri dan menjadikan ini sebagai tahapan penting untuk menjaga fungsi kognitif dan kesehatan secara keseluruhan.

Penderita demensia menghabiskan lebih sedikit waktu pada tahap akhir tidur dan lebih banyak waktu di tahap awal tidur yang dapat memburuk seiring berkembangnya demensia.

Gejala demensia pada setiap orang bisa bervariasi, termasuk salah satunya kurang tidur atau gangguan tidur. Selain kurang tidur, beberapa gejala demensia dari segi kognitif maupun fisik antara lain:

  • Hilangnya daya ingat
  • Bermasalah dalam komunikasi atau menentukan kata yang sesuai untuk berkomunikasi
  • Memiliki masalah dalam merencanakan sesuatu
  • Koordinasi badan dan pergerakan yang buruk
  • Bingung dan mengalami disorientasi
  • Mengalami gangguan visual dan spasial
  • Kesulitan mengerjalan hal rumit
  • Bersikap paranoia atau paranoid
  • Mengalami halusinasi
  • Mengalami perubahan kepribadian
  • Depresi
  • Gangguan kecemasan

Apabila lansia menunjukkan gejala di atas dan diikuti sulit tidur, maka sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter untuk mengetahui gejala demensia. 

Baca Juga: Kenali Jenis Demensia, Ternyata Penyebab dan Gejalanya Beragam

 

Cara Mengatasi Kurang Tidur pada Lansia 

Belum diketahui dengan jelas apakah gangguan tidur seperti kurang tidur dapat menyebabkan demensia atau kurang tidur merupakan gejala awal demensia. Namun kurang tidur merupakan masalah yang banyak dialami kelompok usia 50 tahun ke atas.

Bagi Anda yang mengalami gangguan tidur, dapat mengatasinya dengan beberapa cara berikut:

  • Buat rutinitas tidur yang sehat seperti hindari menggunakan perangkat elektronik menjelang jam tidur, buat suasana kamar bersih dan nyaman untuk istirahat, serta tidur di jadwal yang sama setiap harinya.
  • Berhenti merokok dan minum alkohol.
  • Olahraga rutin minimal 30 menit setiap hari dan lakukan latihan relaksasi sebelum tidur.
  • Konsultasikan ke dokter. Penyebab kurang tidur pada lansia sangat beragam, jika gangguan ini berlanjut sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter.

Anda juga dapat memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi bersama dokter terkait gangguan tidur ataupun gejala demensia pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di Play Store atau App Store. 

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Rabu, 11 Oktober 2023 | 11:13

Wiginton, K. (2022). Sleep Problems and Dementia. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-dementia

Alzheimer’s Society. Sleep and dementia risk. Available from: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/risk-factors-and-prevention/sleep

Lang, K. (2022). Dementia and sleep: What do we know about this link?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/dementia-and-sleep-what-do-we-know-about-this-link

Mayo Clinic. Alzheimer’s Disease. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350447#

Budson, A. (2021). Sleep well — and reduce your risk of dementia and death. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/sleep-well-and-reduce-your-risk-of-dementia-and-death-2021050322508

WebMD Editorial Cpntributors. (2022). How to Sleep Better as You Get Older. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/aging-affects-sleep

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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