Berbagai Hal yang Menyebabkan Mata Kering

Berbagai Hal yang Menyebabkan Mata Kering
Ilustrasi mata kering. Credits: Freepik.

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Mata kering termasuk masalah umum pada mata yang terjadi saat air mata tidak mampu memberikan kelembapan dan pelumasan yang cukup untuk mata. Gangguan mata kering bisa memengaruhi siapa saja, terutama mereka yang banyak bekerja di depan layar komputer, di dalam ruangan ber-AC atau sering mengendarai sepeda.

Mata kering biasanya ditandai dengan mata yang terasa perih, panas, gatal, tersengat atau sensasi seperti adanya pasir di mata. Dengan mata kering Anda juga mungkin merasa mata cepat lelah dan penglihatan kabur.

 

Penyebab Mata Kering

Ada banyak faktor yang dapat menyebabkan mata kering, di antaranya:

Usia

Usia adalah salah satu faktor risiko yang meningkatkan kemungkinan Anda mengalami mata kering. Seiring bertambahnya usia, banyak fungsi tubuh yang menurun, termasuk produksi air mata yang ikut mengalami perubahan. Selain produksi air mata, kualitas air mata juga berkurang sehingga tidak cukup melembapkan mata dengan baik. Masalah mata kering ini umum ditemukan pada orang yang berusia di atas 50 tahun.

 

Hormon

Hormon juga memainkan peran penting sebagai penyebab mata kering. Perubahan hormon tertentu seperti hormon insulin dan estrogen dapat memengaruhi kelenjar air mata dalam memproduksi air mata. Orang-orang dengan gangguan hormon tiroid seperti penyakit Graves juga bisa mengalami gejala kesulitan dalam menutup kelopak mata dan merangsang gejala mata kering. Beberapa wanita juga mungkin merasakan mata kering selama siklus menstruasi, kehamilan atau saat menopause.

 

Penggunaan lensa kontak

Penggunaan lensa kontak dalam jangka waktu yang panjang dapat menyebabkan atau memperburuk gejala mata kering. Dalam hal ini Anda disarankan untuk memilih lensa kontak yang tepat dan membatasi waktu penggunaan lensa kontak. Anda juga perlu membersihkan serta merawat lensa kontak dan kotaknya dengan benar untuk menghindari iritasi dan infeksi mata. Untuk mengatasi keluhan mata kering, Anda bisa menggunakan tetes mata yang dirancang khusus untuk mata kering. 

Baca Juga: Penyebab Mata Kemerahan Saat Menggunakan Lensa Kontak

 

Lagoftalmos nokturnal

Lagoftalmos nokturnal adalah kondisi di mana kelopak mata tidak dapat menutup sepenuhnya selama tidur. Biasanya mereka tidur dengan mata yang terbuka karena kelopak mata melemah atau terganggu. Kondisi ini dapat mengakibatkan beberapa masalah seperti kualitas tidur yang buruk dan gangguan mata termasuk sindrom mata kering. 

Ada beragam pengobatan yang bisa diberikan pada penyakit ini. Dokter bisa memberikan obat tetes mata atau salep khusus mata. Menutup kelopak mata dengan plester selama tidur atau memakai masker mata yang hangat juga bisa membantu meringankan gejala. Prosedur operasi dapat disarankan dokter bila kelopak mata terlalu longgar dan tidak bisa menutup.

 

Dehidrasi

Saat tubuh kekurangan cairan, produksi air mata juga ikut berkurang. Pada anak, mata bisa terlihat cekung dan walaupun menangis, air mata tidak keluar. Sangat penting untuk menjaga tubuh tetap terhidrasi dengan minum cukup air.

Baca Juga: Benarkah Minum Teh Dapat Menyebabkan Dehidrasi?

 

Lingkungan

Partikel kecil dan padat dalam polusi udara, debu, asap dan bahan iritan lain dapat menjadi penyebab mata kering. Lapisan air mata berfungsi melindungi mata, mempertahankan kelembapan dan memastikan Anda tetap nyaman saat melihat. Jika ada partikel dari lingkungan yang menempel pada lapisan air mata, mereka dapat mengganggu kualitas dan pelumasan mata.

Untuk mengurangi efek ini, Anda disarankan menggunakan kacamata saat beraktivitas di luar ruangan dengan tingkat polusi yang tinggi, menjaga kebersihan mata, menggunakan air mata buatan dan juga menghindari lingkungan yang berpolusi tinggi.

 

Bagi beberapa orang, mengatasi mata kering cukup dengan menggunakan obat tetes mata atau air mata buatan. Namun jika gejala yang dialami terlalu serius, maka Anda perlu mendapatkan penanganan dan pengobatan dokter. Konsultasikan dengan dokter terkait keluhan mata kering yang Anda alami dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Selasa, 7 November 2023 | 06:31

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Mayo Clinic (2022). Dry eyes. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-eyes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371863 

WebMD (2023). Dry Eye and Hormones. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/dry-eye-hormones 

Belinda Weber (2023). How to treat dry eyes from contact lenses. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-fix-dry-eyes-from-contacts 

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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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