Cara Mengatasi Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Cara Mengatasi Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

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Apakah Anda termasuk orang yang sering merasa harus melakukan sesuatu berulang kali seperti mencuci tangan berulang-ulang walaupun kulit tangan anda sudah lecet, menyapu lantai lagi dan lagi meskipun sudah terlihat bersih, dan hal-hal serupa lainnya? Jika Anda mengalami hal ini dan merasa tidak bisa menghentikan diri Anda untuk tidak melakukan kegiatan yang sama berulang-ulang, Anda kemungkinan mengalami suatu kondisi yang dikenal dengan obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD merupakan gangguan psikologis yang membuat penderitanya merasa cemas akan hal tertentu serta ditandai dengan melakukan hal yang sama berulang kali.

Sebagian besar masyarakat menganggap para pengidap OCD pasti hidup bersih, rapi dan terorganisir. Namun yang sebenarnya dirasakan pengidap OCD adalah munculnya rasa khawatir, gelisah dan cemas apabila tidak melakukan hal yang sama berulang kali. Mereka melakukannya bukan karena mereka menyukainya, namun karena akan muncul rasa bersalah dan rasa tidak nyaman jika mereka tidak melakukannya.

 

Penyebab obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Hingga kini para ahli belum dapat memastikan apa yang menjadi penyebab OCD. Namun dilansir dari Healthline, ada sejumlah faktor yang diduga dapat meningkatkan risiko seseorang mengalami OCD, antara lain:

  • Faktor genetik, dimana orang tua atau saudara kandung ada yang juga mengalami OCD
  • Adanya perbedaan struktur di bagian tertentu di otak yang memengaruhi pengambilan keputusan
  • Pernah mengalami trauma di masa kanak-kanak

Faktor lingkungan pergaulan seperti pernah mengalami bullying, pelecehan dan neglect di masa kecil dikatakan dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya OCD, walaupun hal ini perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. 

 

Cara mengatasi obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Penanganan pasien OCD berbeda-beda pada setiap orang tergantung dari seberapa berat kondisi OCD yang dialami. Dilansir dari Verywell Mind, secara umum cara untuk mengatasi OCD adalah terapi perilaku adalah cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure and response prevention (ERP) dan obat-obatan. Namun untuk OCD sub tipe penimbun (hoarding) yang tidak merespon obat-obatan, terapi yang diberikan umumnya adalah psikoterapi.

1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) atau terapi perilaku kognitif umumnya digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan mental seperti kecemasan dan depresi, namun terapi ini juga efektif untuk mengatasi OCD. Terapi ini terfokus pada pikiran-pikiran negatif yang muncul secara otomatis dan dapat memperburuk emosi, kecemasan, dan depresi. Terapi ini akan melatih individu untuk mengenali pikiran-pikiran negatif tersebut, serta menggantinya dengan pikiran yang lebih objektif dan realistis.

Pada terapi ini pasien akan berhadapan dengan terapis untuk menggali akar permasalahan yang selama ini memicu OCD. Terapis kemudian akan mengubah pola pikir dan perilaku pasien sesuai dengan target terapi yang ingin dicapai.

2. Obat-obatan

Beberapa pengidap OCD bisa menerima terapi obat-obatan untuk meredakan OCD. Obat-obatan yang diberikan umumnya termasuk golongan antidepresan golongan selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Obat-obatan ini bekerja dengan meningkatkan kadar hormon serotonin yang penting untuk mengurangi kecemasan pada penderita OCD.

3. Relaksasi dan manajemen stres yang baik

Selain berkonsultasi pada terapis, terapi OCD juga bisa dilakukan secara mandiri terutama pada orang dengan gejala OCD ringan. Para ahli berpendapat bahwa stres adalah pemicu utama gejala OCD, untuk itu salah satu cara terbaik untuk menghadapinya adalah dengan menguasai latihan relaksasi dan manajemen stres yang baik. 

 

Penanganan OCD membutuhkan waktu dan komitmen dari pasien serta dukungan dari lingkungan sekitar. Apabila Anda merupakan pasien OCD yang akan menjalani terapi untuk meringankan OCD, sebaiknya bicarakan juga dengan keluarga dan orang terdekat Anda mengenai pemicu dan gejala yang dirasakan. Dukungan dari orang-orang terdekat dapat membantu Anda mengatasi OCD sehingga kondisi Anda menunjukkan perbaikan.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 21:52

Pietrangelo, A. (2019). Understanding the Impact of Severe Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/severe-ocd

Fields, L. (2020). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Available from: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/obsessive-compulsive-disorder

Marsh, A. (2020). Treatmets for Obsessive Disorder. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/ocd-treatments-2510626

Cherry, K. (2021). What is Behavioral Therapy. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-cognitive-behavior-therapy-2795747

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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