Risiko Kesehatan Konsumsi Pemanis Buatan Aspartam

Risiko Kesehatan Konsumsi Pemanis Buatan Aspartam
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Belakangan ini ramai dibicarakan dampak negatif kesehatan saat mengonsumsi pemanis buatan aspartam. Ketahui lebih lanjut apa itu aspartam dan risiko jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang bila mengonsumsi makanan yang mengandung aspartam.

 

Apa Itu Aspartam?

Aspatam adalah jenis pemanis buatan yang digunakan sebagai pengganti gula dalam makanan atau minuman yang berlabelkan rendah kalori atau bebas kalori, makanan diet, sugar free, rendah gula atau bebas gula. Jenis pemanis buatan ini sangat umum digunakan dan telah disetujui oleh banyak negara di seluruh dunia.

Aspartam memiliki rasa manis yang kuat, sekitar 200-300 kali lebih manis dari gula tebu. Pemanis buatan ini telah digunakan dalam berbagai produk termasuk minuman ringan, permen karet, makanan beku, dessert (makanan penutup) rendah kalori dan produk lainnya.

Sejauh ini organisasi seperti Food and Drug Administration (FDA) di Amerika Serikat, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) di Uni Eropa, dan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) di Indonesia telah menyimpulkan bahwa aspartam aman untuk digunakan selama kadar aspartam masih dalam batas aman yang telah diizinkan.

USFDA menetapkan batas konsumsi harian aspartam sebesar 50 mg per kg berat badan per hari. Sedangkan EFSA menetapkan batas konsumsi harian aspartam sebesar 40 mg per kg berat badan per hari. BPOM Indonesia mengikuti rekomendasi EFSA, artinya bila Anda memiliki berat badan 60 kg maka Anda bisa mengonsumsi hingga 2.400 mg aspartam per hari.

Baca Juga: Diklaim Memiliki Mineral Lebih Banyak, Benarkah Brown Sugar Lebih Sehat dari Gula Putih?

 

Benarkah Aspartam Menyebabkan Kanker?

Munculnya kekhawatiran bahwa aspartam dapat menyebabkan kanker telah beredar selama beberapa tahun belakangan. Kekhawatiran ini berasal dari hasil penelitian terhadap tikus uji coba, yang menunjukkan peningkatan risiko beberapa jenis kanker saat mengonsumsi aspartam. Namun, dikatakan bahwa masih dibutuhkan lebih banyak studi yang mendukung pernyataan tersebut, terutama studi pada manusia.

Per tahun 2023 ini, WHO sendiri memang merilis panduan baru terkait konsumsi pemanis buatan termasuk aspartam. Panduan ini menyarankan untuk tidak menggunakan pemanis buatan dengan tujuan untuk mengontrol berat badan atau mengurangi risiko penyakit tidak menular.

Panduan ini didasarkan pada temuan dari tinjauan sistematis terhadap bukti yang tersedia. Penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pemanis buatan nongula tidak memberikan manfaat jangka panjang dalam mengurangi lemak tubuh pada orang dewasa maupun anak-anak. Hasil tinjauan juga menyarankan bahwa konsumsi jangka panjang dari pemanis buatan nongula dapat memiliki efek yang tidak diinginkan, seperti peningkatan risiko diabetes tipe 2, penyakit kardiovaskular, dan angka kematian pada orang dewasa.

Baca Juga: Berapa Banyak, Sih, Gula Yang Boleh Dimakan Dalam Sehari?

 

Risiko Mengonsumsi Aspartam

Walaupun dinyatakan aman dikonsumsi dalam batas jumlah yang direkomendasikan, yaitu 40 mg per kg berat badan per hari, konsumsi aspartam mungkin bisa memberikan beberapa efek samping negatif khususnya bagi mereka yang memiliki sensitivitas terhadap aspartam.

Berikut adalah beberapa efek samping yang dilaporkan beberapa penelitian atas konsumsi aspartam, di antaranya:

  • Migrain atau sakit kepala sebelah
  • Masalah tidur seperti sulit tidur atau insomnia
  • Memengaruhi selera makan dan meningkatkan nafsu makan yang dapat menyebabkan obesitas
  • Konsumsi aspartam dalam dosis tinggi meningkatkan risiko intoleransi glukosa khususnya pada orang yang kelebihan berat badan
  • Risiko yang lebih tinggi terhadap penyakit jantung, diabetes dan stroke
  • Gangguan neurologi seperti sakit kepala, kebingungan, atau gangguan memori pada individu yang rentan

Penting untuk diingat bahwa setiap orang memiliki respons berbeda terhadap pemanis buatan termasuk aspartam. Ingatlah bahwa segala sesuatu yang berlebihan itu tidak baik. Jadi sebaiknya jangan mengonsumsi makanan yang mengandung pemanis buatan secara berlebihan.

 

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store di ponsel Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Selasa, 4 Juli 2023 | 03:29

Dylan Bailey, MS, RD, FAND (2023). The Truth About Aspartame Side Effects. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/aspartame-side-effects 

Beth Sissons (2023). Is aspartame safe, and what are its side effects and health risks?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322266 

American Cancer Society (2019). Aspartame and Cancer Risk. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/chemicals/aspartame.html 

WebMD (2021). What To Know About Aspartame. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diet/what-to-know-about-aspartame 

WHO (2023). WHO advises not to use non-sugar sweeteners for weight control in newly released guideline. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/15-05-2023-who-advises-not-to-use-non-sugar-sweeteners-for-weight-control-in-newly-released-guideline 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\User
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