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Beda Penanganan, Ini Perbedaan Infeksi Virus dan Infeksi Bakteri

Beda Penanganan, Ini Perbedaan Infeksi Virus dan Infeksi Bakteri
Ilustrasi virus. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Infeksi bakteri atau virus merupakan salah satu penyebab umum Anda sakit. Gejala infeksi virus dan bakteri dapat bervariasi dari gejala ringan hingga berat. Jika tidak mendapat penanganan yang tepat, beberapa jenis infeksi dapat menyebabkan infeksi parah yang membahayakan jiwa.

 

Perbedaan Infeksi Virus dan Bakteri

Penyebab

Hal utama yang membedakan antara infeksi virus dan bakteri adalah penyebabnya. Infeksi bakteri disebabkan oleh bakteri, yaitu mikroorganisme yang berbentuk sel tunggal dan dapat bertahan hidup sendiri di dalam dan luar tubuh. Sebagian besar bakteri tidak berbahaya, bahkan dalam tubuh terdapat bakteri baik yang berfungsi membantu mencerna makanan.

Contoh penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri:

  • Infeksi Campylobacter dan Salmonella yang menyebabkan keracunan makanan. 
  • Penyakit pneumokokus, termasuk infeksi telinga dan sinus serta beberapa jenis pneumonia.
  • Vaginosis bakterial, pertumbuhan bakteri yang berlebihan di vagina.
  • Klamidia dan gonore, infeksi menular seksual.
  • Radang tenggorokan.
  • E. coli, penyebab umum infeksi saluran kemih (ISK).

Sementara itu infeksi virus disebabkan oleh virus, yaitu kuman berukuran sangat kecil yang membutuhkan inang hidup untuk hidup dan berkembang biak. Virus berukuran sangat kecil dan hanya terdiri dari materi genetik yang terbungkus dalam protein. Ketika virus tumbuh dari inang, ia dapat merusak, membunuh, atau mengubah sel yang diinfeksinya.

Contoh penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus antara lain:

  • COVID-19, disebabkan oleh virus corona SARS-CoV-2.
  • Cacar air, disebabkan oleh virus Varicella-zoster.
  • HIV, disebabkan oleh virus Human immunodeficiency.
  • Pilek, disebabkan oleh berbagai macam virus seperti rhinovirus.

Baca Juga: Gejala dan Penyebab Amebiasis, Infeksi Amoeba yang Dapat Bersifat Fatal

Penularan dan Pencegahan

Bakteri dan virus dapat menular dari satu orang ke orang lain melalui mekanisme berikut: 

  • Sentuhan langsung: Jika orang yang terinfeksi tidak mencuci tangan, mereka dapat menularkan bakteri dan virus ke permukaan lain, termasuk makanan.
  • Tetesan: Ketika seseorang terinfeksi bakteri atau virus, percikan air liurnya dapat membawa virus dan bakteri. Jika orang lain menghirup percikan ini ketika orang tersebut batuk, bersin atau bicara, mereka juga dapat tertular infeksi. 
  • Luka: Bakteri dan virus dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui luka sayat atau tusukan 

Untuk mencegah penularan, Anda bisa menerapkan gaya hidup sehat seperti:

  • Rajin mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir
  • Menutup mulut dan hidung saat bersin
  • Melakukan vaksinasi
  • Makan makanan matang dan higienis

Baca Juga: Sudah Pernah Chikungunya Akankah Terinfeksi Kembali?

Penanganan

Pada beberapa kasus, infeksi bakteri atau virus dapat menunjukkan gejala yang sama seperti demam, batuk, pilek, menggigil, sakit tenggorokan, nyeri tubuh, dehidrasi, dan badan terasa lemas atau tidak berdaya. Akibatnya, banyak orang beranggapan bahwa infeksi virus dan bakteri dapat diatasi dengan pemberian antibiotik. Namun sebenarnya penanganan infeksi perlu disesuaikan dengan penyebabnya. 

Untuk infeksi bakteri, dokter dapat meresepkan antibiotik. Antibiotik merupakan obat yang efektif untuk mematikan bakteri penyebab infeksi. Jika dokter memberikan antibiotik, pasien perlu minum hingga tuntas meskipun gejalanya telah membaik. Mengurangi dosis antibiotik dapat menyebabkan pengobatan tidak tuntas dan memicu resistensi antibiotik, dimana bakteri menjadi kebal dengan obat yang diberikan. 

Sedangkan untuk virus, belum ada obat setara antibiotik yang dapat membasmi virus secara efektif. Beberapa penyakit dapat diobati dengan antivirus, namun obat ini hanya untuk penyakit tertentu dan tidak efektif terhadap penyakit lain yang disebabkan oleh virus. 

Umumnya, infeksi virus bersifat self limiting disease (dapat sembuh sendiri). Obat yang diberikan untuk infeksi virus biasanya merupakan obat untuk meredakan gejala yang muncul. Selain minum obat, penanganan yang bisa diberikan untuk meredakan infeksi virus antara lain memperbanyak minum dan istirahat.

 

Infeksi virus dan bakteri membutuhkan penanganan yang berbeda meskipun memiliki gejala yang sama. Untuk memastikan pengobatan yang sesuai, sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter jika Anda mengalami keluhan. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh melalui Play Store dan App Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 23 Agustus 2024 | 06:16

 Health Direct. What is the difference between bacterial and viral infections?. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bacterial-vs-viral-infection#

Seed, S., Ansorge. R. (2024). Bacterial and Viral Infections. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/bacterial-and-viral-infections

Bacterial vs. viral infections: How do they differ?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/faq-20058098

Cherney, K. (2023). What’s the Difference Between Bacterial and Viral Infections?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/bacterial-vs-viral-infections

Giiorgi. A. (2022). Viral vs. Bacterial Infection: What’s the Difference?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/viral-vs-bacterial-infection-what-s-the-difference-5442997

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8092 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8092
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8499 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • 0: 8165
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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