Pneumonia

Pneumonia
Ilustrasi pasien pneumonia sedang melakukan pemeriksaan saturasi oksigen

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Definisi

Pneumonia adalah suatu bentuk infeksi pernafasan akut (tiba-tiba) yang mengenai paru-paru. Paru-paru terbentuk dari banyak kantung udara kecil (alveoli) yang terisi dengan udara ketika seseorang bernafas. Ketika seseorang menderita pneumonia, alveoli mengalami peradangan dan dapat terisi cairan yang bercampur dengan sel radang. Hal ini menyebabkan gangguan pada proses penyaluran oksigen.

Pneumonia menyerang semua golongan usia di seluruh belahan dunia, namun kematian tertinggi terdapat di Asia Selatan dan Afrika sub-Saharan. Pneumonia dapat menyebabkan penyakit ringan sampai mengancam nyawa. Pneumonia merupakan penyakit paling serius pada bayi dan anak kecil, orang berusia lebih dari 65 tahun, dan orang dengan penyakit tertentu atau kelemahan sistem imun.

 

Penyebab

Pneumonia disebabkan oleh beberapa agen infeksius, termasuk virus, bakteria, dan jamur.

  • Bakteri
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bakter ini merupakan penyebab pneumonia bakterial yang paling sering.
    • Haemophilus influenzae tipe b (Hib), yaitu penyebab tersering kedua dari pneumonia bakterial
    • Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Bakteri ini biasanya menyebabkan gejala yang lebih ringan dari tipe pneumonia lainnya sehingga tidak sampai memerlukan tirah baring
  • Virus
    • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), yaitu virus penyebab pneumonia yang paling sering. Virus ini merupakan penyebab pneumonia paling sering pada balita. Biasanya gejala yang disebabkan ringan, meskipun terkadang dapat berat
    • Coronavirus. Berbagai varian coronavirus, termasuk SARS-CoV-2 atau COVID-19 dapat menyebabkan pneumonia yang berat
  • Pneumonia akibat jamur paling sering pada orang dengan penyakit kronis atau kelemahan sistem imun, dan pada orang yang menghirup organisme ini dalam jumlah banyak. Jamur penyebab pneumonia dapat ditemukan pada tanah atau kotoran burung. Pneumocystis jiroveci adalah jamur penyebab pneumonia paling sering pada bayi yang terinfeksi HIV. Setidaknya seperempat dari kematian akibat pneumonia pada bayi dengan HIV disebabkan oleh pneumonia

Pneumonia dapat ditularkan dengan berbagai cara. Virus dan bakteri yang umumnya ditemukan pada hidung atau tenggorokan anak, dapat menginfeksi paru jika terhirup. Virus dan bakteri juga dapat menyebar melalui droplet udara yang berasal dari penderita yang batuk atau bersin. Selain itu, pneumonia juga dapat menyebar melalui darah, terutama saat atau sesaat setelah melahirkan. Masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menentukan penularan dari organisme lain penyebab pneumonia.

 

Faktor Risiko

Pneumonia dapat menyerang siapaun. Namun, risiko tertinggi ada pada dua kelompok umur yaitu:

  • Anak-anak berusia dua tahun atau kurang. Kebanyakan anak sehat dapat melawan infeksi dengan sistem imun tubuh yang alami. Anak dengan sistem imun yang lemah lebih berisiko untuk mengalami pneumonia. Sistem imun seorang anak dapat menurun akibat dari malnutrisi, kurang gizi, terutama pada bayi yang tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif. Selain itu, adanya penyakit lain seperti HIV dan campak, juga meningkatkan risiko seorang anak terkena pneumonia. Terdapat beberapa faktor lingkungan yang juga dapat meningkatkan risiko anak terkena pneumonia yaitu:
    • Polusi udara dalam rumah akibat proses masak dan penghangat yang menggunakan bahan bakar
    • Tinggal di pemukiman padat penduduk
    • Orang tua merokok
  • Orang lanjut usia (65 tahun atau lebih), terutama pada orang yang dirawat di rumah sakit, terutama ICU dan memakai alat bantu pernafasan (ventilator). Selain itu, risiko juga lebih tinggi pada penderita penyakit kronis, perokok, dan penderita penyakit sistem imun.

 

Gejala

Gejala dan tanda pneumonia bervariasi dari ringan sampai berat, bergantung oleh faktor-faktor seperti organisme penyebab, usia, dan kesehatan secara umum. Gejala ringan biasanya mirip dengan flu, namun berlangsung lebih lama.

Gejala pneumonia akibat virus dan bakteri juga mirip. Namun, pneumonia akibat virus lebih sering menyebabkan gejala yang beragam dibandingkan dengan pneumonia akibat bakteri.

Gejala dan tanda pneumonia meliputi:

  • Nyeri dada terutama saat bernapas atau batuk
  • Bingung atau perubahan kesadaran (pada orang berusia di atas 65 tahun)
  • Batuk yang dapat disertai dahak
  • Kelelahan
  • Demam, keringat dingin, dan menggigil
  • Suhu tubuh rendah (pada orang berusia di ataas 65 tahun dan orang dengan kelemahan sistem imun)
  • Mual, muntah, atau diare
  • Sesak napas

Bayi dapat tidak menunjukkan gejala infeksi. Jika ada, gejala dapat berupa sulit makan atau minum, demam, batuk, muntah, rewel, lemas, sulit bernapas dan dapat juga mengalami penurunan kesadaran, hipotermia (suhu tubuh terlalu rendah), sampai kejang.

 

Diagnosa

Untuk mendiagnosa pneumonia, dokter akan menanyakan riwayat kesehatan Anda dan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik, termasuk memeriksa paru dengan stetoskop. Jika dokter mencurigai adanya pneumonia, maka dokter mungkin akan melakukan pemeriksaan:

  • Pemeriksaan Darah. Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui agen penyebab pneumonia seperti bakteri yang ditandai dengan peningkatan pada sel darah putih dan menyingkirkan diagnosis lain.
  • Pemeriksaan Radiologi. Foto x-ray dada dapat digunakan untuk melihat kondisi paru-paru lebih jelas.
  • Saturasi oksigen. Pengukuran dengan menggunakan oksimetri berguna untuk melihat saturasi oksigen di dalam tubuh, dengan cara alat dijepitkan disalah satu jari. 
  • Dahak. Pemeriksaan dahak berguna untuk melihat agen infeksi penyebab pneumonia. Sampel dahak akan diperiksa dibawah mikroskop.

 

Tata laksana

Terapi pneumonia ditujukan untuk menyembuhkan infeksi dan mencegah komplikasi. Terapi spesifik bergantung pada tipe dan keparahan gejala, usia, dan kondisi kesehatan. Terapi meliputi:

  • Antibiotik, apabila agen penyebab pneumonia adalah bakteri
  • Obat-obatan untuk meredakan gejala seperti batuk dan demam
  • Terapi oksigen 

Anda mungkin membutuhkan perawatan inap jika:

  • Berusia 65 tahun atau lebih
  • Mengalami penurunan kesaadaran
  • Mengalami penurunan fungsi ginjal
  • Tekanan darah rendah
  • Pernapasan cepat
  • Membutuhkan alat bantu napas
  • Hipotermia
  • Detak jantung lambat atau cepat

 

Komplikasi

Meskipun dengan terapi, beberapa penderita pneumonia, terutama yang berisiko tinggi, dapat mengalami komplikasi seperti:

  • Penyebaran bakteri ke pembuluh darah
  • Kesulitan bernapas
  • Penumpukan cairan di sekitar paru (efusi pleura)
  • Abses paru atau kumpulan nanah yang membentuk lubang pada paru

 

Pencegahan

Beberapa cara untuk membantu mencegah pneumonia:

  • Terdapat vaksin yang tersedia untuk mencegah beberapa tipe pneumonia dan flu. Anda dan anak Anda dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter untuk mendapatkan vaksin tersebut
  • Menerapakan perilaku hidup bersih
  • Tidak merokok
  • Menjaga sistem imun tubuh dengan istirahat cukup, olahraga teratur, dan pola makan sehat. Nutrisi yang cukup merupakan kunci untuk meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh anak, dimulai dari pemberian ASI eksklusif sampai usia 6 bulan. Selain untuk mencegah pneumonia, ASI eksklusif juga membantu mengurangi durasi penyakit jika anak terkena pneumonia.
  • Memperhatikan faktor lingkungan seperti polusi udara dalam ruangan, misalnya dengan menggunakan alat masak yang tidak menghasilkan polusi, dan menerapkan pola hidup bersih pada pemukiman yang padat penduduk juga dapat menurunkan angka anak yang terkena pneumonia.

Pada anak dengan HIV, dapat diberikan antibiotik harian untuk menurunkan risiko terkena pneumonia.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter ?

Jika Anda mengalami kesulitan bernapas, nyeri dada, demam 39 derajat Celcius atau lebih yang menetap, batuk menetap, terutama jika terdapat dahak, maka sebaiknya Anda berkonsultasi dengan dokter.

Pada beberapa orang, penting untuk pergi ke dokter karena memiliki risiko tinggi terkena penyakit yang berat. Orang tersebut termasuk:

  • Orang berusia 65 tahun atau lebih
  • Anak-anak berusia kurang dari 2 tahun yang menunjukkan gejala
  • Orang dengan kondisi medis tertentu seperti gagal jantung atau penyakit paru kronis, atau kelemahan sistem imun. Pada orang seperti ini, pneumonia dapat dengan cepat menjadi kondisi yang mengancam nyawa
  • Orang yang menerima kemoterapi atau mengkonsumsi obat-obatan yang dapat menekan sistem imun

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : dr Tea Karina Sudharso
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 2 Juli 2024 | 11:09

Pneumonia. (2022). Retrieved 15 June 2022, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pneumonia 

Pneumonia - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. (2022). Retrieved 16 June 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354210 

 

Pneumonia. (2022). Retrieved 16 June 2022, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/pneumonia 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new152msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 00:00:47' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 00:00:47
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new7.94msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 2025 where `id` = 3922
      Bindings
      • 0: 2025
      • 1: 3922
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new7.03msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 3922, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 00:00:47', '2025-04-06 00:00:47')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 3922
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 00:00:47
      • 8: 2025-04-06 00:00:47
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.19msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 31 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 31
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.69msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9775 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9775
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new12.53msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6690 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6690
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.69msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8658 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8658
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7665 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7665
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7751 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7751
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7397 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7397
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5634 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5634
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2796 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2796
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2841 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2841
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2957 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2957
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2906 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2906
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2706 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2706
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new870μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new680μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new920μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    77Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    25Category.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
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        id
        _token
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        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/pneumonia" ]
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        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
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        /healthpedia-penyakit/pneumonia
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
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        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "IUu6q2aUJ9ivvlytABZ8O02WEkn1j5nx9QWFMl9X" "laravel_session" => "MXJUO8qZwbmGVezTkcJEXnSdkBi00I8Or53BUVx1" ]
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