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  • Tidak Semua Sakit Tenggorokan Perlu Diobati Dengan Antibiotik, Ini Alasannya

Tidak Semua Sakit Tenggorokan Perlu Diobati Dengan Antibiotik, Ini Alasannya

Tidak Semua Sakit Tenggorokan Perlu Diobati Dengan Antibiotik, Ini Alasannya

Bagikan :


Sebagian besar orang pernah merasakan sakit tenggorokan, di mana tenggorokan terasa nyeri, gatal atau iritasi dan rasa sakitnya memburuk saat menelan. Sakit tenggorokan bisa muncul dengan beragam gejala, tergantung penyebabnya. Menurut CDC, sakit tenggorokan bisa disebabkan oleh virus, bakteri, alergi, atau paparan zat iritan seperti asap rokok, polusi udara dan lain sebagainya.

Suatu waktu Anda mungkin pernah mendengarkan anjuran teman untuk mengonsumsi obat antibiotik saja saat sakit tenggorokan, agar lekas sembuh. Namun, benarkah setiap sakit tenggorokan Anda harus minum antibiotik? Sebaiknya Anda lebih berhati-hati dalam membeli dan mengonsumsi obat-obatan saat sakit tenggorokan, karena tidak semua sakit tenggorokan perlu diobati dengan antibiotik.

Sebelum memberikan pengobatan dan perawatan, terlebih dahulu dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan gejala dan kondisi Anda untuk mencari tahu apa penyebab sakit tenggorokan. Perbedaan gejala dan penyebab turut menentukan pengobatan dan perawatan apa yang akan diberikan.

Meskipun memiliki gejala yang hampir sama, namun menurut CDC ada beberapa gejala yang membedakan sakit tenggorokan yang disebabkan oleh virus dan bakteri.

 

Gejala sakit tenggorokan yang disebabkan oleh virus 

 

Gejala sakit tenggorokan yang disebabkan oleh bakteri 

  • Sakit tenggorokan dimulai dengan sangat cepat
  • Sakit saat menelan
  • Demam
  • Amandel memerah dan bengkak, terkadang disertai dengan bercak putih atau garis-garis nanah
  • Munculnya bintik-bintik merah kecil di langit-langit mulut
  • Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening di bagian depan leher
  • Terkadang disertai dengan ruam yang mirip seperti demam berdarah yang disebut scarlatina

 

Mengobati sakit tenggorokan

Sakit tenggorokan yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus biasanya berlangsung selama lima hingga tujuh hari dan tidak selalu membutuhkan perawatan medis. Obat antibiotik juga tidak diperlukan dalam hal ini, karena antibiotik tidak dapat mengobati sakit tenggorokan yang disebabkan oleh virus.

Untuk meredakan gejala sakit dan demam yang menyertai sakit tenggorokan yang disebabkan oleh virus, dokter menyarankan Anda untuk mengonsumsi asetaminofen atau pereda nyeri ringan lainnya seperti ibuprofen. Namun, dokter tidak merekomendasikan Anda untuk memberikan aspirin kepada anak-anak atau remaja karena dapat menyebabkan sindrom Reye (suatu kondisi langka namun berpotensi mengancam jiwa yang menyebabkan pembengkakan di hati dan otak.)

Sedangkan untuk mengobati sakit tenggorokan yang disebabkan oleh bakteri, dokter akan meresepkan antibiotik yang sebenarnya berfungsi untuk membunuh bakteri dan mempersingkat waktu penularan radang tenggorokan ke orang lain, serta menurunkan risiko infeksi bakteri menyebar ke bagian lain dari tubuh seperti telinga dan sinus. Antibiotik juga dapat membantu mencegah masalah komplikasi serius yang jarang terjadi, misalnya demam rematik.

Meskipun demikian, mengonsumsi antibiotik terlalu sering dan tidak sesuai kebutuhan bisa berbahaya bagi tubuh. Obat antibiotik yang bekerja saat Anda tidak membutuhkannya dapat menyebabkan efek samping seperti diare, mual, ruam kulit, serta resistensi antibiotik (ketika bakteri menjadi kebal terhadap antibiotik).

Jadi, saat Anda mengalami sakit tenggorokan, segera konsultasi dan periksakan diri Anda ke dokter. Jangan minum obat sembarangan, dan ikuti aturan minum serta dosis obat yang telah diberikan dokter untuk membantu menyembuhkan keluhan Anda.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 06:42

Mayo Clinic (2021). Sore throat. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sore-throat/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351640

CDC (2021). Sore Throat. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/sore-throat.html

Malka, T. (2022). Foods to Eat and Avoid With a Sore Throat. Available from: https://khealth.com/learn/cold-and-flu/what-to-eat-sore-throat/

Healthwise Staff (2020). Sore Throat: Should I Take Antibiotics?. Available from: https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/zx3957

CDC (2022). Strep Throat: All You Need to Know. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html

CDC (2021). About Antibiotic Resistance. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about.html

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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