Komplikasi Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK)

Komplikasi Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK)
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Paru-paru adalah bagian dari sistem pernapasan yang memungkinkan tubuh mengambil oksigen dari udara dan membuang karbon dioksida. Paparan jangka panjang iritan seperti polusi kendaraan, asap rokok, atau paparan bahan-bahan kimia berbahaya dapat menyebabkan berkembangnya PPOK (penyakit paru obstruktif kronis) yang berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan paru-paru.

Tidak memberikan pengobatan yang tepat pada PPOK dapat menyebabkan berkembangnya komplikasi PPOK, di mana gejala yang Anda alami makin memburuk dan problem kesehatan lain dapat terjadi.

 

Komplikasi Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK)

Orang dengan PPOK dapat mengalami perburukan gejala, di mana gejala yang dialami tiba-tiba memburuk. Di saat ini, perawatan medis darurat dibutuhkan karena mungkin terjadi peningkatan kesulitan bernapas, produksi lendir dan risiko tinggi terhadap infeksi.

Infeksi pernapasan

Penderita PPOK lebih berisiko terhadap infeksi pernapasan seperti pilek, flu, dan pneumonia, terutama jika orang tersebut berusia lanjut. Dengan kondisi ini pula kapasitas paru-paru mungkin menurun sehingga tidak dapat membersihkan lendir secara efisien dari saluran udara. Bakteri dan virus jadi lebih mudah masuk ke dalam tubuh dan menyebabkan infeksi.

 

Penyakit jantung

PPOK memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan penyakit jantung. Penderita PPOK memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena penyakit jantung, demikian pula sebaliknya. Hubungan antara kedua penyakit ini terutama dikaitkan oleh faktor penyebab bersama, salah satunya merokok.

Merokok adalah faktor risiko utama bagi PPOK dan juga penyakit jantung. Paparan zat-zat berbahaya di dalam asap rokok dapat merusak saluran pernapasan dan menyebabkan peradangan, yang pada gilirannya dapat menyebabkan PPOK dan penyakit jantung.

PPOK juga menyebabkan peradangan di seluruh tubuh yang bisa memengaruhi pembuluh darah dan jantung. Peradangan ini meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung secara umum.

 

Baca Juga: Tanda Bahaya Penyakit Jantung yang Tak Boleh Diabaikan

 

Kanker paru-paru

Sama seperti penyakit jantung, kanker paru-paru juga memiliki faktor risiko penyebab yang sama dengan PPOK, yaitu merokok. Paparan zat berbahaya dalam asap rokok memicu peradangan. Walaupun reaksi antioksidan dapat membantu memperbaiki DNA dalam tubuh, namun jika kerusakan yang terjadi berlebihan, maka kanker paru-paru bisa terjadi.

Kanker paru-paru dan PPOK memang dua penyakit yang berbeda, tetapi penelitian telah menunjukkan ada hubungan antara keduanya. Orang yang mengalami PPOK lebih berisiko mengembangkan kanker paru-paru khususnya bila mereka adalah perokok berat. Berhenti merokok menjadi langkah penting dalam mengurangi risiko kanker paru-paru dan memperlambat perkembangan PPOK.

 

Tekanan darah tinggi di arteri paru-paru

PPOK dapat memengaruhi pertukaran gas di paru-paru yang berdampak pada sistem kardiovaskular. Peradangan dan obstruksi pada saluran pernapasan di paru-paru mengakibatkan sulitnya oksigen masuk dan keluar dari paru-paru. Kesulitan ini meningkatkan tekanan darah di arteri pulmonalis (arteri yang membawa darah dari jantung ke paru-paru).

 

Baca Juga: 4 Dampak Negatif Vape bagi Paru-Paru

 

Depresi

Penelitian menemukan bahwa depresi adalah komplikasi umum yang dialami pasien PPOK. Ada sekitar 40% pasien PPOK yang mengalami gejala depresi berat. Hal ini disebabkan karena berbagai kesulitan yang dialami penderita PPOK seperti kesulitan bernapas, kelelahan, serta penurunan aktivitas fisik yang membatasi aktivitas sehari-hari dan menurunkan kualitas hidup. Perasaan tidak mampu melakukan hal-hal yang biasanya dilakukan dapat memicu depresi.

 

Untuk mencegah komplikasi PPOK, Anda disarankan untuk berhenti merokok, mendapatkan vaksinasi pneumokokus dan menjalani pengobatan penyakit paru dengan rutin. Anda juga perlu berbicara dengan dokter bila menyadari tanda-tanda depresi selama mengalami PPOK. Manfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store terkait dengan keluhan PPOK atau gejala lainnya.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 29 April 2024 | 05:10

Mayo Clinic (2020). COPD. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/symptoms-causes/syc-20353679 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2022). What Is COPD?. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/copd 

Alexandra Benisek (2023). The Link Between Common Respiratory Infections and COPD. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/respiratory-infections-copd 

Harvard Medical School. Understanding COPD from a cardiovascular perspective. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/understanding-copd-from-a-cardiovascular-perspective 

Jodi Helmer (2022). What to Know About COPD and Lung Cancer. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/lung-cancer-copd 

MaryAnn De Pietro, CRT (2021). What to know about COPD and blood pressure. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/does-copd-affect-blood-pressure 

American Lung Association (2023). COPD and Emotional Health. Available from:https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/living-with-copd/coping-with-emotions 

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.46msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7715 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        #12025-04-14 22:51:55GET/penyakit/komplikasi-penyakit-paru-obstruktif-kronis-ppok2112946