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  • Emfisema Seringkali Ditandai Sesak Napas, Ini Penyebabnya

Emfisema Seringkali Ditandai Sesak Napas, Ini Penyebabnya

Emfisema Seringkali Ditandai Sesak Napas, Ini Penyebabnya

Bagikan :


Emfisema adalah jenis penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK), yang merupakan sekelompok penyakit paru yang membuat sulit bernapas dan dapat memburuk dari waktu ke waktu. Bronkitis kronis adalah jenis lain dari PPOK, di mana kebanyakan orang yang mengalami bronkitis kronis juga mengalami emfisema dengan derajat keparahan berbeda-beda.

Pada penderita emfisema, kantung udara di paru (alveoli) melemah dan pecah, sehingga menciptakan kerusakan berupa ruang udara yang lebih besar. Saat Anda bernapas dengan kondisi alveoli yang rusak dan tidak berfungsi dengan baik, maka udara lama akan terperangkap sehingga tidak ada ruang bagi udara segar yang kaya oksigen untuk masuk.

Gejala emfisema

Gejala emfisema yang dirasakan satu orang dengan yang lain bisa jadi berbeda. Terutama penyakit ini merupakan jenis penyakit kronis yang berkembang dari waktu ke waktu, sehingga terkadang ada orang yang mengalami gejala, ada pula yang baru menyadari setelah kondisinya memburuk. Sampai saat itu, satu-satunya gejala yang mungkin berkembang secara bertahap adalah sesak napas dan kelelahan.

Gejala awal emfisema, di antaranya:

  • Batuk
  • Napas cepat
  • Sesak napas yang memburuk saat beraktivitas
  • Produksi dahak meningkat
  • Mengi

Gejala lain yang menyertai, di antaranya:

  • Kecemasan
  • Depresi
  • Kelelahan ekstrem
  • Masalah jantung
  • Kerusakan pada saluran suara
  • Gangguan tidur
  • Penurunan berat badan yang tidak jelas penyebabnya

Penyebab dan faktor risiko

Emfisema umumnya disebabkan oleh paparan jangka panjang terhadap iritan yang merusak paru dan saluran udara. Asap rokok, asap tembakau, polusi udara, debu kimia di tempat lingkungan kerja adalah penyebab utama emfisema.

Kondisi genetik yang disebut defisiensi antitripsin alfa-1 juga mungkin berperan dalam menyebabkan emfisema, namun kasusnya jarang dilaporkan.

Selain itu, ada beberapa faktor yang meningkatkan risiko Anda mengembangkan emfisema, di antaranya:

Kebiasaan merokok

Selain terpapar asap rokok, kebiasaan merokok apa pun jenis rokok nya, dapat meningkatkan risiko emfisema.

Usia

Kerusakan paru pada emfisema tidak terjadi begitu saja. Gejalanya mungkin baru terlihat ketika usia Anda memasuki 40-60 tahun.

Perokok pasif

Apabila Anda berada di lingkungan perokok dan menjadi perokok pasif, maka risiko Anda mengalami emfisema juga tinggi.

Paparan debu atau zat kimia lainnya

Ketika Anda bekerja di lingkungan pabrik kayu, pertambangan, kapas, Anda lebih mungkin berisiko mengembangkan emfisema bahkan lebih besar dari kebiasaan merokok. Asap dari bahan kimia tertentu, serta debu dari biji-bijian dapat menyebabkan emfisema.

Polusi udara

Tinggal di perkotaan di mana tingkat polusi udaranya cukup tinggi akan meningkatkan risiko emfisema. Inilah mengapa sangat penting untuk tetap menggunakan masker selama bepergian di jalan.

Apa bahayanya emfisema yang tidak mendapat pengobatan?

Membiarkan emfisema dan gejalanya berkembang dan memburuk dapat menyebabkan komplikasi kesehatan di antaranya:

Pneumotoraks

Adalah kondisi di mana fungsi paru sudah sangat terganggu sehingga mengalami kolaps dan mengancam jiwa. Kondisi ini jarang terjadi, namun sangat serius dan berbahaya.

Gangguan jantung

Emfisema yang dibiarkan berkembang dapat meningkatkan tekanan di arteri yang menghubungkan jantung dan paru-paru. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan kondisi yang disebut cor pulmonale, di mana bagian dari jantung mengembang dan melemah.

Adanya lubang besar pada paru

Beberapa orang dengan emfisema mengembangkan ruang kosong di paru-paru yang disebut bula. Lubang tersebut bisa sebesar setengah paru. Bila jumlah ruang yang tersedia untuk udara semakin kecil, dan lubang semakin membesar maka dapat menyebabkan pneumotoraks.

Apabila Anda berisiko tinggi terhadap paparan asap rokok, perokok aktif, atau bekerja di lingkungan pabrik dengan paparan asap dan bahan kimia yang tinggi serta sering merasakan sesak napas dan kekelahan, periksakan diri ke dokter untuk mendapatkan diagnosis serta pengobatan yang tepat.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 17:33

Mayo Clinic (2017). Emphysema. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/emphysema/symptoms-causes/syc-20355555

Cleveland Clinic (2019). Emphysema. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9370-emphysema

Medline Plus (2021). Emphysema. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html

John Hopkins Medicine. Pulmonary Emphysema. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/pulmonary-emphysema

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9768 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9768
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7754 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7754
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8249 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8249
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7082 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7082
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8324 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2136
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.34msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9301 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9301
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9175 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9175
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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