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  • Bukan Hanya Diabetes, Ini 5 Penyakit yang Terkait dengan Gangguan Hormon Insulin

Bukan Hanya Diabetes, Ini 5 Penyakit yang Terkait dengan Gangguan Hormon Insulin

Bukan Hanya Diabetes, Ini 5 Penyakit yang Terkait dengan Gangguan Hormon Insulin

Bagikan :


Hormon insulin adalah salah satu hormon yang memegang peranan penting dalam sistem metabolisme tubuh. Dalam tubuh, hormon insulin berfungsi membantu penyerapan glukosa ke dalam sel tubuh untuk mengontrol kadar gula darah. Ketika terjadi gangguan pada produksi hormon insulin, maka seseorang dapat mengalami masalah kesehatan sistemik.

 

Bagaimana cara kerja hormon insulin?

Hormon insulin dihasilkan oleh pankreas, kelenjar kecil yang berada di bawah hati. Setelah makan, makanan yang mengandung karbohidrat akan dicerna menjadi glukosa. Ketika kadar glukosa meningkat, maka pankreas akan melepaskan hormon insulin ke dalam darah. Hormon insulin kemudian akan menyerap glukosa dan mengolahnya menjadi sumber energi.

Insulin juga membantu menyeimbangkan kadar glukosa dalam darah. Ketika terlalu banyak glukosa dalam darah, insulin akan mengirim sinyal untuk menyimpan cadangan glukosa di liver. Cadangan glukosa tidak akan digunakan ketika kadar glukosa menurun. Baru ketika kadar glukosa darah menurun akibat olahraga atau kegiatan lain yang membutuhkan energi, maka glukosa akan digunakan.

 

Penyakit yang terkait dengan gangguan hormon insulin

Begitu pentingnya fungsi hormon insulin dalam sistem metabolisme sehari-hari, ketika terjadi gangguan pada hormon insulin maka tubuh akan mengalami gangguan kesehatan. Dilansir dari News Medical Net, beberapa masalah kesehatan akibat gangguan insulin di antaranya:

1. Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus atau yang dikenal juga dengan kencing manis merupakan penyakit kronis yang ditandai dengan kondisi kadar gula dalam darah cukup tinggi. Diabetes dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa kondisi, antara lain pankreas kesulitan mencukupi kebutuhan insulin dalam tubuh, adanya gangguan respon tubuh terhadap kerja insulin dan adanya kondisi lain yang menghambat kerja insulin.

Berdasarkan penyebabnya, diabetes mellitus dapat dibagi menjadi tiga jenis yaitu:

  • Diabetes tipe 1, merupakan kondisi autoimun dimana sel tubuh menyerang pankreas sehingga menghambat produksi insulin. Akibatnya tubuh kekurangan insulin. Pasien diabetes tipe 1 umumnya membutuhkan suntikan insulin untuk mencukupi kebutuhan insulin dalam tubuh.
  • Diabetes tipe 2, yaitu kondisi dimana menurunnya produksi insulin dalam tubuh atau melemahnya respon tubuh terhadap insulin. Diabetes tipe 2 biasanya disebabkan oleh gaya hidup yang kurang sehat, sehingga menyebabkan resistensi insulin.
  • Diabetes gestasional, merupakan penyakit diabetes yang hanya dialami oleh wanita hamil. Setelah melahirkan, umumnya kondisi kadar gula darah ibu hamil akan kembali normal. Namun, ibu hamil yang mengalami diabetes gestasional memiliki risiko mengalami diabetes beberapa tahun setelah melahirkan.

2. Resistensi insulin

Dilansir dari WebMD, resistensi insulin terjadi ketika sel otot, lemak dan hati tidak mampu merespon insulin dan tidak bisa menggunakan glukosa dalam darah sebagai sumber energi. Akibatnya, pankreas akan terus-menerus menghasilkan insulin agar tubuh dapat menggunakan glukosa sebagai energi.

3. Insulinoma

Insulinoma adalah tumor yang tumbuh di pankreas. Normalnya, pankreas akan menghasilkan insulin ketika kadar gula arah Anda meningkat dan sebaliknya. Namun pada kasus insulinoma, pankreas akan menghasilkan insumin terus-menerus meskipun ketika kadar gula darah terlalu rendah.

4. Sindrom metabolik

Sindrom metabolik adalah sekelompok kondisi yang dapat meningkatkan risiko seseorang mengalami penyakit jantung, stroke dan diabetes. Kondisi ini dapat berkembang dari penyakit diabetes tipe 2. Beberapa tanda orang mengalami sindrom metabolik di antaranya memiliki lingkar pinggang berlebih, kadar kolesterol tidak terukur, tekanan darah tinggi dan memiliki kadar gula darah puasa di atas 100 mg/dL.

5. Sindrom ovarium polikistik (PCOS)

Sindrom ovarium polikistik (PCOS) adalah gangguan ketidakseimbangan hormon yang menyebabkan penderitanya memiliki banyak kista kecil pada ovarium. Akibatnya, perempuan dengan PCOS rentan mengalami ketidaksuburan. Penderita PCOS umumnya mengalami resistensi insulin dan juga berisiko mengalami diabetes tipe 2.

 

Adanya gangguan pada produksi dan respon hormon insulin dapat menyebabkan gangguan metabolisme tubuh. Sebagai pencegahan, lakukan pemeriksaan gula darah secara rutin dan mulai menerapkan gaya hidup sehat seperti rutin berolahraga, menyantap makanan sehat dan membatasi konsumsi gula. Apabila hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan kadar gula darah di atas normal, segera lakukan pemeriksaan untuk mendapatkan penanganan yang sesuai.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 09:12

News Medical Net. (2019). Insulin Disease. Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/Insulin-Diseases.aspx

DiGiacinto, J., Higuera, V. (2021). Everything You Need to Know About Insulin. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/insulin

Mayo Clinic. Metabolic Syndrome. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metabolic-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351916

WebMD. (2021) Insulin Resistance. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/insulin-resistance-syndrome

Fick, L. (2020). Insulinoma. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/what-is-insulinoma

CDC. PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) and Diabetes. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/pcos.html

Watson, S. (2021). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Syptoms, Causes and Treatment. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/polycystic-ovary-disease#

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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 555 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 555
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.31msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 4 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 4
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.53msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 895 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 895
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9325 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 9325
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9609 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 9609
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 636 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 636
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new500μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 5
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.17msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8041 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 8041
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 552 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 552
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.06msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9672 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 9672
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8491 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 8491
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new4.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8474 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 8474
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.15msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7981 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 7981
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new670μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: about-us
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new680μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new780μsselect * from `term_policies`
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Post
      55Post.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Category
      20Category.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Tag
      6Tag.php#?
      App\Models\TermPolicy
      3TermPolicy.php#?
      App\User
      2User.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Page
      1Page.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Faq
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          path_info
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          200
          
          status_text
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          request_cookies
          0 of 0
          array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "cUkLjcf6J3MImupYPiW7z0ANUnqIOdpLFJddH8au" "laravel_session" => "W4dCez43g8hIWb4IueRxUX20TjquZpKG8odMZ4fD" ]
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