Bisakah Sindrom Pramenstruasi (PMS) Dicegah?

Bisakah Sindrom Pramenstruasi (PMS) Dicegah?
Ilustrasi periode menstruasi. Credits: Freepik

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Sindrom pramenstruasi atau dikenal dengan istilah PMS sering dialami oleh wanita beberapa hari sebelum menstruasi. Gejala PMS yang dirasakan setiap wanita tidak selalu sama.

Beberapa orang mungkin mengalami gejala seperti kram perut, sakit kepala, hingga perubahan suasana hati yang drastis. Gejala ini bisa mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari, menurunkan produktivitas, mengurangi konsentrasi, dan menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan.

 

Bisakah Sindrom Pramenstruasi Dicegah?

Fluktuasi hormon diperkirakan memiliki peran paling penting dalam mengembangkan gejala PMS. Selama siklus menstruasi, kadar hormon estrogen dan progesteron mengalami perubahan signifikan yang memengaruhi sistem saraf pusat, termasuk penurunan produksi serotonin. Penurunan serotonin dapat menyebabkan gejala emosional, seperti depresi, mudah marah, dan kelelahan.

PMS tidak bisa sepenuhnya bisa dicegah dan dihindari. Namun, ada beberapa langkah yang bisa diambil untuk mengurangi intensitas dan frekuensi gejalanya.

Baca Juga: Sedang PMS? Ini Pilihan Makanan untuk Meredakan Gejala yang Mengganggu

Berikut adalah beberapa cara yang mungkin bisa Anda coba:

Menerapkan pola makan sehat

Makanan yang dikonsumsi memainkan peran penting dalam mencegah dan mengurangi gejala PMS. Makanan dapat memengaruhi fluktuasi hormon, tingkat energi, dan suasana hati Anda.

Untuk mengelola gejala PMS, perbanyak makanan seperti buah dan sayur, mengurangi garam, membatasi konsumsi kafein dan alkohol, serta mengonsumsi karbohidrat kompleks.

Berolahraga teratur

Olahraga secara rutin dapat membantu mengurangi gejala fisik dan emosional PMS. Aktivitas fisik meningkatkan produksi endorfin yang dikenal sebagai hormon kebahagiaan.

Dengan berolahraga rutin Anda juga dapat mengurangi kram perut serta kelelahan berlebih. Tidak perlu melakukan latihan intens, Anda bisa berjalan kaki, yoga, atau bersepeda 30 menit beberapa kali dalam seminggu.

Mengelola stres

Stres dapat memperburuk gejala PMS, terutama kecemasan dan gangguan suasana hati. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk menemukan cara yang positif dalam mengelola stres sehari-hari. Misalnya dengan mendapatkan tidur yang cukup atau bermeditasi.

Mengonsumsi suplemen

Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi vitamin dan mineral dapat membantu mengurangi gejala PMS. Suplemen seperti kalsium, magnesium, dan vitamin B6 telah terbukti efektif mengurangi gejala kram, kembung, dan perubahan suasana hati.

Baca Juga: Mengenal PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder), Kondisi yang Lebih Parah Daripada PMS

 

Perlukah ke Dokter Karena Mengalami Gejala PMS?

Secara umum Anda tidak perlu memeriksakan diri ke dokter saat mengalami gejala PMS. Namun, bila gejala PMS menjadi sangat parah dan mengganggu kehidupan sehari-hari, maka Anda sebaiknya mempertimbangkan untuk berkonsultasi dengan dokter.

Gejala PMS yang sangat parah hingga mengganggu rutinitas harian, pekerjaan, atau hubungan sosial dan bisa menjadi tanda PMDD atau premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Ini adalah bentuk PMS yang jauh lebih berat dan membutuhkan intervensi medis.

Gejala PMDD meliputi:

  • Depresi berat atau perasaan putus asa
  • Kecemasan yang parah
  • Serangan panik
  • Mudah marah atau frustrasi berlebihan
  • Kesulitan berkonsentrasi
  • Insomnia atau gangguan tidur yang parah

 

Meskipun sindrom pramenstruasi (PMS) tidak dapat sepenuhnya dicegah, namun dengan pemahaman yang baik tentang gejala dan faktor pemicunya dapat membantu Anda mengelola kondisi ini dengan lebih efektif. Dukungan yang tepat, perubahan gaya hidup, dan strategi pengelolaan stres yang baik, dapat membantu meningkatkan kualitas hidup selama periode menstruasi.

Memiliki pertanyaan lain terkait PMS? Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan Ai Care dengan mengunduhnya melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 27 September 2024 | 11:57

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Premenstrual Syndrome. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24288-pms-premenstrual-syndrome 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780 

John Hopkins Medicine. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/premenstrual-syndrome-pms 

WebMD (2023). Can Diet Changes and Exercise Help With PMS?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/women/pms/is-there-a-pms-diet 

Hariharasudhan Ravichandran and Balamurugan Janakiraman (2022). Effect of Aerobic Exercises in Improving Premenstrual Symptoms Among Healthy Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9392489/ 

Hope Gilette (2023). Can Stress Mess Up Your Period?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/stress/can-stress-mess-up-your-period 

WebMD (2022). What Supplements Help with PMS?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/women/pms/supplements-help-with-pms 

John Hopkins Medicine. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7493 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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