Ketahui Apa Itu Herd Immunity

Ketahui Apa Itu Herd Immunity
Ilustrasi anak-anak yang telah divaksin. Credits: Freepik

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Vaksinasi adalah cara yang aman dan efektif untuk melatih sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia dalam melawan penyakit tertentu. Vaksin membantu sistem kekebalan tubuh dalam mengenali dan mengingat patogen sehingga memungkinkan tubuh merespons lebih cepat ketika terpapar patogen yang sesungguhnya di masa depan.

Vaksin membantu mencegah penyakit dengan membangun perlindungan kekebalan tubuh yang kuat, yang sering kali dapat bertahan seumur hidup. Ini adalah salah satu alasan utama mengapa vaksin dianggap salah satu alat penting dalam mengendalikan penyebaran penyakit menular.

 

Apa itu Herd Immunity?

Menariknya lagi, vaksin tidak hanya bermanfaat bagi perlindungan kekebalan tubuh diri sendiri. Vaksin juga dapat memberikan kekebalan kelompok atau yang disebut herd immunity.

Herd immunity atau kekebalan kelompok adalah ketika mayoritas populasi memiliki kekebalan terhadap penyakit tertentu, hal ini dapat memberikan perlindungan secara tidak langsung atau kekebalan kelompok bagi individu yang tidak memiliki kekebalan terhadap penyakit tersebut.

Ketika mayoritas populasi memiliki kekebalan terhadap penyakit tersebut, maka penyakit tersebut akan sulit untuk menyebar, bahkan pada orang yang rentan atau belum memiliki kekebalan.

Baca Juga: Ketahui Manfaat dan Jadwal Vaksin Rotavirus Anak

 

Mengapa Herd Immunity Sangat Penting?

Konsep herd immunity dianggap sangat penting karena beberapa alasan tertentu, di antaranya:

Memberikan perlindungan terhadap kelompok yang rentan

Kekebalan kelompok dapat memberikan perlindungan kepada orang yang tidak dapat memiliki kekebalan sendiri, seperti mereka yang tidak pernah menderita penyakit tersebut, memiliki sistem imun yang lemah, atau tidak bisa mendapatkan vaksin karena kondisi tertentu. Dengan adanya kekebalan kelompok, peluang untuk terinfeksi menjadi lebih rendah.

Mencegah penyebaran penyakit

Kekebalan kelompok membantu mengurangi penyebaran penyakit menular khususnya di dalam sebuah komunitas. Ketika sebagian besar populasi memiliki kekebalan terhadap suatu penyakit, maka patogen akan kesulitan untuk menyebar dan menyebabkan wabah.

Memberikan perlindungan jangka panjang

Mencapai kekebalan kelompok sangat penting untuk melindungi populasi dari penyakit menular dalam jangka panjang. Selain itu, kekebalan kelompok juga membantu mencegah berkembangnya penyakit menular menjadi wabah di kemudian hari.

Menghentikan rantai penularan

Kekebalan kelompok membantu memutuskan rantai penularan penyakit. Ketika sebagian orang memiliki kekebalan, maka akan sulit untuk patogen menyebar dan menyebabkan infeksi lebih lanjut.

Baca Juga: Benarkah Pemberian Vaksin dapat Menyebabkan Autisme?

 

Bolehkah Memanfaatkan Herd Immunity untuk Tidak Vaksin?

Walaupun kekebalan kelompok memberikan perlindungan khususnya bagi kelompok yang rentan dan tidak bisa mendapatkan vaksinasi, namun sebaiknya jangan dengan sengaja tidak mendapatkan vaksin dengan alasan adanya kekebalan kelompok.

Memilih untuk tidak divaksinasi berkontribusi pada risiko penurunan tingkat kekebalan kelompok dan dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya wabah atau peningkatan kasus penyakit menular.

Mengandalkan kekebalan alami dari infeksi penyakit tertentu sebagai pengganti vaksinasi juga berisiko. Penyakit menular bisa menyebabkan komplikasi yang serius, bahkan kematian sehingga lebih baik mencegah daripada mengobati.

Terkait dengan kebutuhan vaksinasi, Anda bisa berkonsultasi dengan dokter untuk mendapatkan rekomendasi vaksin sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 16 Mei 2024 | 05:01

Kids Health (2022). What Is Herd Immunity?. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/herd-immunity.html 

Infeksi Emerging (2020). Apa itu Herd Immunity (Kekebalan Kelompok) ?. Available from: https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/uncategorized/apa-itu-herd-immunity-kekebalan-kelompok 

Dr. Sanchari Sinha Dutta, Ph.D. (2021). What is Herd Immunity?. Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Herd-Immunity.aspx 

NHS UK (2023). Why vaccination is important and the safest way to protect yourself. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/why-vaccination-is-important-and-the-safest-way-to-protect-yourself/ 

NHS UK (2023). NHS vaccinations and when to have them. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/nhs-vaccinations-and-when-to-have-them/ 

UNICEF: Vaccines for children: Your questions answered. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/parenting/health/parents-frequently-asked-questions-vaccines 

CDC (2023). What Vaccines are Recommended for You. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/rec-vac/index.html 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new720μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 3 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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