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Mengenal PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder), Kondisi yang Lebih Parah Daripada PMS

Mengenal PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder), Kondisi yang Lebih Parah Daripada PMS

Bagikan :


Bagi setiap perempuan, menghadapi sindrom pramenstruasi atau premenstrual syndrome (PMS) bisa menjadi suatu pengalaman yang tidak nyaman. Badan lemas, payudara bengkak, terasa nyeri di beberapa bagian tubuh dan perubahan suasana hati terkadang dapat mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari. Apabila PMS yang Anda alami cukup parah, bisa jadi Anda mengalami apa yang disebut dengan Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD).

Apa itu premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?

Dilansir dari WebMD, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) adalah masalah kesehatan yang lebih parah dan lebih serius dari PMS. PMS dan PMDD memiliki gejala fisik dan emosional yang sangat mirip, namun PMDD dapat menyebabkan perubahan suasana hati yang ekstrem sehingga dapat menggangu aktivitas Anda sehari-hari bahkan mengganggu hubungan sosial Anda.

Biasanya gejala PMDD muncul 7-10 hari sebelum hari pertama menstruasi dan berlangsung hingga beberapa hari. PMDD merupakan kondisi yang serius dan butuh pertolongan segera. Apabila diperlukan, Anda dapat memeriksakan diri ke dokter agar segera mendapat penanganan.

Gejala dan penyebab Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Gejala PMDD tidak jauh berbeda dengn gejala PMS yaitu perut kembung, tidak nyaman, payudara terasa mengencang, badan mudah lemas dan lelah serta perubahan nafsu makan dan pola tidur. Namun pada PMDD, gejala ini diiringi oleh perubahan suasana hati dan perilaku seperti berikut:

  • Sedih dan putus asa yang mendalam
  • Merasa tegang dan cemas
  • Mudah marah
  • Sulit berkonsentrasi
  • Badan mudah lelah
  • Merasa sulit mengendalikan diri sendiri
  • Tidak bersemangat

Penyebab PMDD belum dapat diketahui namun para ahli berpendapat bahwa PMDD terjadi karena reaksi tidak normal dari perubahan hormon dalam siklus menstruasi. Berbeda dengan PMS yang umumnya selalu dialami perempuan setiap bulannya, PMDD tidak selalu terjadi menjelang menstruasi dan relatif lebih jarang terjadi.

Bagaimana membedakan PMDD dengan gangguan emosional pada umumnya?

Tidak selalu perubahan emosi yang dirasakan menjelang menstruasi adalah PMDD. Untuk dapat mendiagnosis seseorang mengalami Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), dokter perlu melakukan pemeriksaan untuk mengetahui kondisi emosi dan mental Anda.

Dokter akan memastikan bahwa Anda tidak sedang mengalami masalah emosional seperti depresi atau gangguan kecemasan. Selain itu, dokter juga akan melakukan pemeriksaan lainnya untuk mendapatkan gambaran apakah Anda sedang mengalami masalah kesehatan reproduksi lainnya seperti endometriosis, fibroid, dan masalah hormon lainnya.

Apabila gejala PMDD segera menghilang setelah menstruasi hari pertama, maka Anda kemungkinan besar mengalami PMDD. 

Cara mengatasi Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Pengobatan Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) disesuaikan dengan gejala yang muncul. Beberapa pengobatan untuk PMDD di antaranya:

  • Mengonsumsi antidepresan
  • Terapi hormon dengan mengonsumsi pil KB
  • Mengonsumsi vitamin dan mineral
  • Berolahraga secara rutin
  • Mengonsumsi obat-obatan antiperadangan

Dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, Anda juga dapat mengonsumsi obat-obatan herbal untuk mengurangi peradangan dan meredakan nyeri. Namun sebaiknya konsultasikan dulu dengan para ahli sebelum mengonsumsi obat-obatan herbal.

Perubahan gaya hidup seperti berhenti merokok, latihan relaksasi, meditasi dan yoga juga dapat membantu mengatasi keluhan yang muncul. Hindari stres dan hal lainnya yang memicu masalah emosi Anda juga dapat membantu mengurangi gejala PMDD. Apabila gejala PMDD tidak berkurang, sebaiknya segera periksakan kondisi Anda ke dokter.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:43

Burnett, T. (2021). Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Different from PMS?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/expert-answers/pmdd/faq-20058315#

WebMD. (2020). PMDD. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/women/pms/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.06msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5775 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8065
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8604 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8604
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.4msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9546 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9546
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5894
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.29msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7325 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7325
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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