Mengenal Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) pada Remaja

Mengenal Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) pada Remaja
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PMS (premenstrual syndrome) merupakan serangakain gejala yang muncul menjelang datangnya menstruasi. Biasanya PMS ditandai dengan perubahan suasana hati, nyeri di payudara, jerawat hingga sakit kepala. PMS bisa dialami siapa saja, mulai remaja hingga dewasa.

Namun ada satu kondisi yang lebih berat dibandingkan PMS, yaitu PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disoder). Jika PMS hanya berlangsung seminggu sebelum menstruasi, maka PMDD dapat berlangsung lebih lama dari PMS. Bagaimana PMDD pada kelompok usia remaja? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Penyebab Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) pada Remaja

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder atau gangguan disforik pramenstruasi adalah kondisi gangguan sebelum siklus menstruasi yang berat. Dilansir dari John Hopkins Medicine, PMDD merupakan kondisi kronis dan serius, sehingga perlu penanganan yang tepat agar tidak mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari.

Penyebab PMDD belum dapat diketahui dengan pasti. Namun para ahli menduga kondisi ini disebabkan oleh perubahan hormon yang menyebabkan kekurangan hormon serotonin. Kekurangan hormon serotonin dapat menyebabkan perubahan suasana hati yang menyebabkan suasana hati menjadi buruk, meningkatkan stres dan menyebabkan depresi.

  • PMDD dan gangguan kesehatan mental pada remaja

Dalam sebuah penelitian yang diterbitkan dalam PubMed Central menyebutkan bahwa PMDD pada remaja berkaitan dengan depresi. Dalam penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa 4,8% remaja perempuan mengalami PMDD dan prevalensi PMDD lebih tinggi pada remaja yang mengalami depresi.

Penelitian lain juga mengungkapkan bahwa remaja yang mengalami PMDD berkaitan dengan gangguan bipolar. Mengingat depresi pada remaja merupakan gejala awal bipolar, maka bagi para remaja yang mengalami depresi dan PMDD dianjurkan menjalani pemeriksaan fisik dan psikis.

 

Gejala Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) pada Remaja

Gejala PMDD tidak jauh berbeda dengan gejala PMS. Namun gejala PMDD dirasakan lebih berat dan berlangsung lebih lama jika dibandingkan PMS. Bila PMS membuat remaja putri masih bisa beraktivitas, munculnya gejala PMDD tak jarang membuat remaja harus menghentikan aktivitasnya dan beristirahat penuh di rumah.

Dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, salah satu hal yang membedakan antara gejala PMS dan PMDD adalah pada PMDD remaja akan merasakan perubahan emosional lebih mendalam seperti:

  • Rasa sedih dan putus asa
  • Gangguan kecemasan dan rasa tegang meningkat
  • Perubahan suasana hati yang ekstrem
  • Mudah marah dan tersinggung

Selain itu, gejala PMDD yang biasanya muncul antara lain:

  • Badan terasa lelah
  • Mudah bingung
  • Merasa tidak percaya diri
  • Paranoid
  • Murung
  • Insomnia atau gangguan tidur
  • Sakit kepala
  • Mudah memar
  • Nyeri otot
  • Muncul jerawat
  • Mual dan muntah
  • Sulit konsentrasi
  • Nafsu makan menurun

Penanganan Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) pada Remaja

Penanganan PMDD fokus pada mengatasi gejala yang muncul. Beberapa penanganan yang mungkin diberikan pada PMDD di antaranya:

Pemberian obat antidepresan. Beberapa obat jenis SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) dapat membantu meredakan perubahan emosi dan suasana hati yang muncul. Hindari minum obat-obatan antidepresan di luar anjuran dokter untuk menghindari efek samping lainnya yang muncul.

Pemberian pil KB. Minum pil KB juga dapat membantu meredakan gejala PMDD dan PMS. Bicarakan dengan dokter mengenai jenis pil KB yang aman digunakan dan sesuai dengan kondisi kesehatan remaja.

Suplemen nutrisi. Mengonsumsi kalsium, vitamin B-6, magnesium dan L-triptofan diketahui dapat membantu meredakan gejala PMS dan PMDD. Namun sebaiknya bicarakan terlebih dahulu dengan dokter sebelum mengonsumsi suplemen nutrisi tersebut.

Mengatur pola makan dan mengubah gaya hidup. Rutin berolahraga, menghindari makan makanan asin, mengurangi minum alkohol dan kafein dapat membantu meredakan gejala PMS dan PMDD. Latihan relaksasi seperti meditasi dan yoga juga dapat dilakukan untuk membantu tubuh menjadi lebih rileks.

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 17:12

Childmind. What Is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)?. Available from: https://childmind.org/article/what-is-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd/#

Gupta, M., Dua, D., Kaur, H., & Grover, S. (2019). Prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among school-going adolescent girls. Industrial psychiatry journal, 28(2), 198–202. https://doi.org/10.4103/ipj.ipj_79_19

Womens Mental Health. Teen PMS and PMDD Guide. Available from: https://womensmentalhealth.org/resource-2/patient-support-services/teen-pms-and-pmdd-guide/

 

Mayo Clinic. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Different from PMS?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/expert-answers/pmdd/faq-20058315

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.41msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1772 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1772
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6633 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6633
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.17msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3447 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3447
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7165 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      • 0: 7165
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4292 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4292
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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        #12025-04-17 14:51:20GET/self-help/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd-pada-remaja3113176