Apa Sih Bedanya Bronkitis Akut dan Bronkitis Kronis?

Apa Sih Bedanya Bronkitis Akut dan Bronkitis Kronis?

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Bronkitis adalah peradangan yang mempengaruhi paru-paru dan saluran pernapasan. Peradangan pada bronkus yang merupakan saluran pernapasan utama di dalam paru-paru ini adalah kondisi yang berada di antara flu biasa dan pneumonia, namun dalam tingkat yang parah.

Bronkitis terbagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu bronkitis kronis dan bronkitis akut. Keduanya serupa tapi tak sama. Yuk cari tahu apa perbedaannya!

 

Bronkitis kronis

Menurut Cleveland Clinic, bronkitis kronis didefinisikan sebagai batuk yang produktif dengan dahak yang berlangsung selama tiga bulan dalam setahun, setidaknya dialami dua tahun berturut-turut.

Batuk dan peradangan dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi atau penyakit pernapasan sebelumnya, paparan asap tembakau atau zat iritan lainnya di udara. Bronkitis kronis dapat menyebabkan sumbatan aliran udara, sehingga biasanya dikelompokkan dalah golongan penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK).

Dilansir Verywellhealth, ada beberapa faktor yang meningkatkan risiko bronkitis kronis, antara lain:

  • Kebiasaan merokok
  • Terpapar jangka panjang pada zat kimia dan iritan tertentu
  • Memiliki usia di atas 40 tahun
  • Memiliki riwayat medis keluarga yang mengalami PPOK
  • Mengidap asma
  • Pada saat kanak-kanak pernah mengalami penyakit yang menyerang pernapasan
  • Memiliki riwayat alergi
  • Memiliki riwayat GERD

 

Gejala bronkitis kronis

Gejala yang umumnya dirasakan oleh penderita bronkitis kronis:

  • Dada terasa sakit atau terasa penuh
  • Mengi saat bernapas
  • Sesak napas (terutama pada saat beraktivitas)
  • Demam ringan
  • Batuk yang disertai dahak, baik berwarna bening, putih, kuning atau kehijauan

 

Bronkitis akut

Istilah akut dalam bronkitis akut merujuk pada bronkitis yang terjadi jangka pendek, atau lebih sering terjadi akibat adanya infeksi virus maupun bakteri. Bronkitis akut menyebabkan peradangan dan iritasi yang sama seperti bronkitis kronis namun umumnya berlangsung selama 10-14 hari saja.

Bronkitis akut biasanya disebabkan oleh virus, yang awalnya bisa menginfeksi saluran pernapasan atas dan lalu mulai menyerang bronkus di saluran napas bawah. Tidak hanya virus, bakteri juga seringkali dikaitkan dengan bronkitis akut.

 

Gejala bronkitis akut

  • Dada terasa nyeri atau penuh
  • Mengi saat bernapas
  • Sesak napas (terutama pada saat beraktivitas)
  • Demam ringan
  • Batuk yang dapat disertai dahak, baik berwarna bening, putih, kuning atau kehijauan
  • Badan terasa sakit
  • Hidung berair dan tersumbat
  • Sakit tenggorokan

 

Apakah bronkitis bisa menular?

Bronkitis kronis biasanya disebabkan oleh iritasi saluran pernapasan dalam jangka panjang dan bukan karena infeksi, sehingga Anda tidak perlu khawatir akan penularannya.

Namun, bronkitis akut memiliki risiko menular karena disebabkan oleh infeksi virus atau bakteri. Penyakit ini menyebar dengan cara yang sama seperti penyebaran pilek, yaitu oleh kuman yang menyebar di udara ketika seseorang batuk atau bersin tanpa menggunakan masker atau menutup mulutnya dengan siku. Selain itu, kuman juga dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh apabila Anda menyentuh barang yang sudah terpapar droplet orang yang terinfeksi, kemudian tangan Anda menyentuh hidung, mulut atau mata.

Penularan bronkitis akut yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri dapat dihentikan dalam 24 jam setelah mengonsumsi antibiotik, sedangkan bronkitis akut yang disebabkan oleh virus akan tetap berisiko menular setidaknya selama beberapa hari atau seminggu.

Untuk itu, sangatlah penting membiasakan diri dalam memakai masker dan mencuci tangan serta tidak menyentuh hidung, mulut dan mata untuk mencegah masuknya kuman ke dalam tubuh.

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 01:59

Zimlich, R. (2021). Acute Bronchitis vs. Chronic Bronchitis. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/acute-vs-chronic-bronchitis-5119388

Porter, A (2017). Is bronchitis contagious?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317761

Cleveland Clinic (2019). Bronchitis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3993-bronchitis

WebMD (2020). Bronchitis. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-bronchitis-basics

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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