LDL, HDL, dan Trigliserida, Apa Perbedaannya?

LDL, HDL, dan Trigliserida, Apa Perbedaannya?
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Dalam pemeriksaan kolesterol Anda mungkin pernah membaca angka-angka dan kata yang menyebutkan LDL, HDL dan trigliserida. Untuk menjawab rasa penasaran Anda mengenai apa sebenarnya arti dari kata-kata itu, simak penjelasannya berikut ini!

 

Apa Itu Kolesterol?

Kolesterol adalah zat lemak yang mirip seperti lilin dan diproduksi oleh organ hati. Kolesterol dapat ditemukan di dalam darah. Di dalam tubuh kolesterol berperan dalam produksi hormon, pembentukan vitamin D, dan pencernaan makanan.

Kolesterol di darah berasal dari organ hati, dan ada juga kolesterol yang berasal dari makanan yang kita konsumsi. Oleh karena itu, kadar kolesterol yang terlalu tinggi memang dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung dan stroke.

Terdapat dua jenis kolesterol utama, yaitu kolesterol LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) atau kolesterol "jahat", dan kolesterol HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) atau kolesterol "baik".

 

Kolesterol LDL

Kolesterol LDL juga sering disebut sebagai kolesterol "jahat". LDL berkontribusi terhadap penumpukan plak lemak dalam pembuluh darah arteri. Bagian dalam pembuluh akan menjadi sempit sehingga darah menjadi sulit mengalir, hal ini dapat meningkatkan risiko serangan jantung, stroke dan penyakit arteri perifer.

Makin tinggi kadar LDL di dalam tubuh semakin tinggi pula risiko Anda terkena serangan jantung, stroke dan penyakit arteri perifer. Untuk mengetahui apakah kadar LDL Anda tinggi, Anda harus menjalani tes kolesterol.

Anda bisa mengetahui apakah kolesterol Anda termasuk normal atau tinggi dari hasil tes darah yang dilakukan. Berikut adalah angka panduannya:

  • LDL <100 mg/dL = normal
  • LDL 100-129 mg/dL = mendekati normal
  • LDL 130-159 mg/dL = borderline 
  • LDL 160-189 mg/dL = tinggi
  • LDl ≥190 mg/dL = sangat tinggi

Baca Juga: Tips Memasak Bila Memiliki Risiko Kolesterol Tinggi

 

Kolesterol HDL

Kolesterol HDL dianggap sebagai kolesterol "baik" karena dalam kadar normal dapat membantu melindungi Anda dari serangan jantung dan stroke. Kolesterol HDL bertugas membawa kolesterol LDL ke organ hati untuk dipecah dan dikeluarkan dari tubuh.

HDL tidak dapat menghilangkan sepenuhnya kolesterol LDL. Mungkin hanya sepertiga atau seperempat saja yang mampu dibawa oleh HDL. Inilah sebabnya pada orang dengan kolesterol tinggi, pengobatan tetap dibutuhkan selain menjalani pola hidup sehat.

Kadar HDL setiap orang tergantung pada usia dan juga jenis kelamin. Kadar HDL yang direkomendasikan di antaranya:

  • Berusia ≤19 tahun = di atas 45 mg/dL
  • Pria berusia ≥20 tahun = di atas 40 mg/dL
  • Wanita berusia ≥20 tahun = di atas 50 mg/dL

Baca Juga: Bahaya Lemak Viseral bagi Tubuh dan Cara Menguranginya

 

Apa Itu Trigliserida?

Trigliserida adalah sejenis lemak yang berada dalam darah, dan merupakan jenis lemak yang paling banyak ditemukan di tubuh. Trigliserida berperan untuk menyimpan kelebihan energi dari makanan yang kita konsumsi. 

Dengan kata lain, trigliserida adalah kalori ekstra yang Anda makan, tetapi tubuh tidak langsung membutuhkannya. Tubuh harus mengubah kalori ekstra ini menjadi trigliserida dan menyimpannya dalam sel lemak.

Semakin tinggi kadar trigliserida bila dibarengi dengan tingginya LDL, maka akan terbentuk penumpukan plak lemak di dinding pembuluh arteri. Berarti, risiko terjadinya serangan jantung dan stroke bisa meningkat.

Rentang kadar trigliserida di dalam tubuh adalah:

  • Normal: di bawah 150 mg/dL
  • Borderline: 151-199 mg/dL
  • Tinggi: di atas 200 mg/dL
  • Sangat tinggi: di atas 500 mg/dL

 

Ingin tetap hidup sehat? Yuk, tingkatkan kadar HDL di dalam tubuh dengan membatasi asupan lemak jenuh seperti produk susu penuh lemak, makanan tinggi lemak seperti sosis dan bacon, serta makanan berlemak lainnya. Hindari juga merokok dan paparan asap rokok, batasi konsumsi alkohol, jaga berat badan tetap ideal serta berolahraga setidaknya 150 menit dalam seminggu.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 04:37

American Heart Association (2020). HDL (Good), LDL (Bad) Cholesterol and Triglycerides. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/hdl-good-ldl-bad-cholesterol-and-triglycerides.

Jon Johnson (2021). Triglyceride and cholesterol levels: What to know. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/triglycerides-vs-cholesterol.

Mayo Clinic (2021). Cholesterol test. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cholesterol-test/about/pac-20384601.

American Heart Association (2020). What is Cholesterol?. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/about-cholesterol.

Medline Plus (2020). LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html.

Medline Plus (2019). HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html.

Medline Plus (2020). Triglycerides. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html.

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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