Perlu Tahu, Ini Bahaya Komplikasi Bronkitis

Perlu Tahu, Ini Bahaya Komplikasi Bronkitis
Credit: Freepik. Bronkitis dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi.

Bagikan :


Bronkitis adalah peradangan pada lapisan bronkus, yaitu saluran pernapasan yang menyalurkan udara dari tenggorokan ke paru-paru. Ketika Anda mengalami bronkitis, peradangan akan membuat dinding bronkus memproduksi lebih banyak lendir. Akibatnya, tubuh akan mengeluarkan lendir tersebut melalui batuk dengan dahak yang kental.

Pada kasus bronkitis ringan, kondisi ini dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya dalam beberapa hari. Namun pada kondisi parah, bronkitis dapat berkembang menjadi bronkitis kronis dan menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi.

Baca juga Healthpedia: Penyakit Bronkitis - Definisi, Penyebab, Gejala, dan Tata Laksana | AI Care (ai-care.id)

 

Komplikasi Bronkitis yang Perlu Diwaspadai

Infeksi Sekunder

Bronkitis dapat memicu terjadinya infeksi sekunder atau superinfeksi. Kondisi ini dapat disebabkan oleh peradangan yang terjadi akibat infeksi bakteri maupun virus.

Pada infeksi sekunder yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus, bronkitis dapat berkembang menjadi kerusakan saluran udara (silia), penurunan kekebalan tubuh, dan adanya infeksi saluran udara yang memicu penumpukan bakteri.

Sedangkan pada infeksi sekunder yang disebabkan oleh bakteri, bronkitis dapat berkembang menjadi infeksi sinus, infeksi telinga tengah dan sepsis.

 

Pneumonia

Pneumonia merupakan salah satu komplikasi dari bronkitis yang paling umum. Komplikasi ini dapat dialami anak-anak hingga orang dewasa. Penyebab utama dari komplikasi ini adalah bakteri Streptococcus pneumonia. Namun pada anak-anak di bawah usia 5 tahun penyebab utama pneumonia adalah respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Pada pneumonia, infeksi ini menyebabkan peradangan pada kantong udara di salah satu atau kedua paru-paru. Akibatnya, kantong udara dipenuhi cairan sehingga membuat pasien mengalami sesak napas. Kondisi ini juga dikenal dengan istilah paru-paru basah.

 

Dyspnea (Sesak Napas)

Dyspnea atau sesak napas juga dapat menjadi salah satu komplikasi yang paling banyak terjadi pada pasien bronkitis. Sesak napas tidak hanya membuat Anda merasa tidak nyaman, menyebabkan kecemasan, namun juga menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup secara keseluruhan.

 

Gagal Napas

Gagal napas termasuk salah satu komplikasi bronkitis kronis. Kondisi ini terjadi ketika paru-paru gagal membawa oksien yang cukup ke seluruh tubuh. Akibatnya, organ tubuh akan kekurangan oksigen sehingga sejumlah sistem tubuh mengalami kerusakan. Hal ini juga dapat menyebabkan penumpukan karbon dioksida dalam aliran darah.

Beberapa gejala gagal napas yang perlu diwaspadai antara lain kehilangan kesadaran, bibir dan jari berwarna kebiruan dan napas terasa berat. Gejala gagal napas juga dapat dimulai secara bertahap seperti sensasi kesemutan, perubahan suasana hati, detak jantung terlalu cepat, dan kesulitan melihat benda jauh.

 

Pneumotoraks

Bronkitis juga dapat memicu pneumotoraks, yaitu kondisi paru-paru kolaps, dimana ada sebuah lubang di paru-paru yang menyebabkan udara bocor ke dalam ruang antara dua selaput pleura yang mengelilingi paru-paru.

Gejala pneumotoraks dapat bervariasi mulai dari rasa nyeri dada yang tajam, sesak napas, denyut nadi cepat dan pusing. Terkadang jika udara bocor ke jaringan disekitarnya, pasien dapat merasakan sensasi gelembung udara di bawah kulit dada atau leher.

 

Polisitemia

Polisitemia adalah kondisi dimana produksi sel darah merah meningkat. Pada bronkitis kronis, tubuh akan merespon kurangnya kadar oksigen dengan menghasilkan lebih banyak sel darah merah hingga terjadi polisitemia.

Kondisi ini dapat meningkatkan risiko penggumpalan dan pengentalan darah yang memcu stroke, serangan jantung dan emboli paru.

 

Bronkitis adalah penyakit yang dapat dialami anak-anak hingga dewasa. Apabila Anda mengalami gejala bronkitis sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 18:43

Mayo Clinic. Bronchitis.  Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bronchitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355566

American Lung Association. Chronic Bronchitis. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/chronic-bronchitis

American Lung Association. Bronchitis Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/bronchitis/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

 

National Heart. Lung, and Blood Institute. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchitis

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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