MSG Vs Garam, Lebih Sehat yang Mana?

MSG Vs Garam, Lebih Sehat yang Mana?
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MSG (Monosodium Glutamat) dan garam adalah dua bahan yang sering digunakan sebagai penyedap rasa dalam masakan. Namun, hingga kini masih ada perdebatan berkelanjutan mengenai mana yang lebih sehat di antara keduanya. Sebagian orang berpikir bahwa garam lebih sehat ketimbang MSG, demikian pula sebaliknya.

Dalam artikel ini, Anda dapat mengetahui lebih lanjut perbedaan MSG dan garam serta mempertimbangkan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan.

 

Apa itu MSG

MSG adalah singkatan dari Monosodium Glutamat. Ini adalah zat tambahan makanan yang umum digunakan untuk meningkatkan rasa umami dalam masakan.

Proses produksi MSG melibatkan fermentasi bahan-bahan seperti jagung, tebu, bit, tapioka atau molase. Meskipun asam L-glutamat juga terdapat secara alami dalam makanan, MSG sering ditambahkan dalam pengolahan makanan untuk meningkatkan rasa.

Amankah Penggunaan MSG dalam Makanan?

MSG telah digunakan sebagai penambah rasa dalam makanan sejak awal tahun 1900-an. Pada akhir tahun 1960-an, MSG mendapat reputasi buruk dan dianggap berkaitan dengan berbagai masalah kesehatan. Namun, sebagian besar mitos dan ketakutan terkait dengan MSG telah terbukti salah.

Sebagian besar penelitian ilmiah mendukung keamanan MSG dalam penggunaan makanan. Studi-studi ini telah menemukan bahwa MSG tidak memiliki efek negatif yang signifikan pada kesehatan, kecuali pada sejumlah kecil individu yang mungkin mengalami reaksi sensitivitas terhadap MSG.

Meskipun dinyatakan aman digunakan dalam makanan, FDA merekomendasikan konsumsi harian MSG yang aman, yaitu sekitar 2,5 gram per hari untuk orang dewasa.

Baca Juga: Tips Mengurangi Asupan Garam Sehari-Hari

 

Efek Samping Penggunaan MSG

Walaupun lembaga kesehatan seperti FDA dan BPOM menyatakan bahwa MSG aman digunakan dalam makanan, beberapa orang mungkin mengalami reaksi sensitivitas terhadap MSG yang disebut gejala kompleks MSG. Menurut penelitian, gejala ini biasanya ringan dan bersifat sementara, di antaranya:

  • Perasaan mual
  • Sakit kepala
  • Nyeri otot
  • Sensasi mati rasa atau terbakar di dalam atau sekitar mulut
  • Detak jantung tidak teratur
  • Mengantuk

 

Apa itu Garam

Garam dikenal juga sebagai natrium klorida yang memainkan peran dalam memberi rasa dalam makanan. Garam juga digunakan sebagai pengawet makanan karena bakteri tidak dapat berkembang jika terdapat garam dalam jumlah yang tinggi.

Komposisi garam terdiri dari sekitar 40% natrium dan 60% klorida. Tubuh manusia membutuhkan sejumlah kecil natrium untuk menjalankan fungsi vital tubuh termasuk menghantarkan impuls saraf, mengontraksikan dan mengendurkan otot, serta menjaga keseimbangan air dan mineral.

Amankah Penggunaan Garam dalam Makanan?

Penggunaan garam dalam makanan dianggap aman selama tidak berlebihan. WHO menyarankan batas harian konsumsi natrium sebesar 2.000 mg per hari atau 1 sendok teh per hari.

Efek Samping Penggunaan Garam

Penting diingat bahwa mengonsumsi terlalu banyak garam dapat berdampak negatif pada tubuh, baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Beberapa efek samping yang mungkin terjadi di antaranya:

  • Pembengkakan akibat retensi cairan di dalam tubuh
  • Meningkatnya rasa haus
  • Peningkatan tekanan darah
  • Gangguan tidur di malam hari akibat kebutuhan minum dan buang air kecil

Baca Juga: Risiko Membatasi Asupan Garam Terlalu Berlebihan

 

Lebih Sehat Mana, MSG atau Garam?

MSG dan garam meja sama-sama memiliki kandungan natrium. Bedanya, garam meja bisa mengandung sekitar 40% natrium, sementara MSG hanya mengandung sekitar 12% natrium.

Hal ini membuat MSG menjadi alternatif yang menarik bagi mereka yang memperhatikan asupan natrium. Dengan menggunakan MSG sebagai pengganti garam, Anda bisa menikmati rasa umami tanpa meningkatkan asupan natrium secara signifikan.

Namun, bukan berarti Anda bebas menggunakan banyak MSG di dalam makanan Anda. Anda tetap perlu mempertimbangkan penggunaan rempah-rempah alami lain yang lebih sehat dan tidak mengonsumsi natrium berlebihan. Selain itu, Anda juga perlu mengingat reaksi individu yang bervariasi terhadap MSG.

Apabila Anda memiliki kebingungan atau membutuhkan rekomendasi atas penggunaan MSG atau garam dalam makanan Anda, Anda bisa berkonsultasi dengan dokter atau ahli gizi. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 22 April 2024 | 06:32

Amber Charles Alexis, MSPH, RDN (2021). MSG: What the science says about its safety. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/msg-what-the-science-says-about-its-safety 

Zia Sherrell, MPH (2021). MSG: Is it bad for you?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-msg-bad-for-you 

Cleveland Clinic (2024). Why Too Much Salt Can Be Bad for You. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/is-salt-bad-for-you 

Harvard TH Chan (2023). Salt and Sodium. Available from: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/salt-and-sodium 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Is MSG Actually Bad for You?. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/is-msg-really-harmful 

Karthik Kummar (2022). 11 Foods With Monosodium Glutamate (MSG). Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/11_foods_with_monosodium_glutamate_msg/article.htm 

Medline Plus (2022). MSG symptom complex. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001126.htm 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Sodium: How to tame your salt habit. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/sodium/art-20045479 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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