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  • Benarkah MSG Berbahaya? Kenali Risiko dan Dosis Amannya

Benarkah MSG Berbahaya? Kenali Risiko dan Dosis Amannya

Benarkah MSG Berbahaya? Kenali Risiko dan Dosis Amannya
Ilustrasi MSG. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Anda tentunya sudah tidak asing lagi dengan penggunaan MSG pada makanan. MSG atau monosodium glutamat biasa diberikan untuk memberikan rasa gurih pada makanan. Di balik manfaat MSG dalam memperkaya cita rasa makanan, banyak orang menghindari MSG karena khawatir dampak negatifnya pada kesehatan.

 

Apa Itu MSG?

MSG atau monosodium glutamat adalah bahan tambahan makanan berupa butiran kristal putih mirip garam yang memberikan rasa gurih, dikenal sebagai rasa umami, pada makanan. Rasa umami ini mirip dengan glutamat yang dihasilkan secara alami dari daging, susu, ikan, atau tomat.

Penggunaan MSG sebagai bahan makanan telah dikenal sejak seratus tahun silam dan paling banyak dijumpai pada makanan China, makanan kalengan, serta sayur dan sup kalengan.

Baca Juga: Benarkah Mengonsumsi MSG Terlalu Banyak dapat Menyebabkan Sakit Kepala?

 

Apakah MSG Berbahaya?

MSG telah digunakan dalam berbagai masakan dan makanan olahan selama ratusan tahun. Baru di tahun 1960 MSG dianggap tidak sehat. Hal ini disebabkan oleh sebuah laporan dari dokter kebangsaan China Amerika, Robert Ho Wan Kwok, yang melaporkan bahwa ia mengalami sejumlah keluhan setelah mengonsumsi makanan China. Keluhan yang dialami dokter Robert tersebut kemudian dikenal sebagai Chinese restaurant syndrome atau MSG symptoms complex. 

Sejak saat itu, MSG mendapat reputasi buruk di kalangan masyarakat. Namun menurut penelitian para ahli, MSG adalah zat aditif yang aman digunakan pada makanan, asal digunakan dalam dosis yang tidak berlebihan.

Beberapa reaksi yang dapat muncul pada orang yang memiliki sensitivitas MSG antara lain: 

  • Sakit kepala
  • Mual
  • Mati rasa
  • Flushing, yaitu rasa hangat dan kemerahan di kulit
  • Kesemutan
  • Jantung berdebar
  • Kantuk

Selain gejala di atas, penggunaan MSG juga disinyalir dapat menimbulkan bahaya lainnya seperti:

Efek pada asupan energi

MSG menyebabkan makanan terasa lebih enak. Namun di tubuh, MSG dapat mengganggu efek sinyal hormon leptin yang ada di otak. Leptin bertugas memberi tahu ketika Anda sudah cukup makan atau merasa kenyang. Konsumsi MSG dapat menyebabkan Anda sangat menikmati makanan Anda, sehingga memicu makan berlebihan.

Penelitian lain menunjukkan hasil yang bertentangan, di mana mengonsumsi protein dengan MSG menyebabkan Anda mengonsumsi lebih sedikit kalori pada waktu makan berikutnya dan mengurangi asupan energi. Oleh karena itu, masih dibutuhkan lebih banyak penelitian mengenai hubungan antara MSG dan asupan energi.

Risiko obesitas dan gangguan metabolisme

MSG juga dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko gangguan metabolisme. Hal ini disimpulkan dari penelitian pada hewan yang mengaitkan MSG dengan resistensi insulin, kadar gula darah tinggi, dan diabetes. Namun hal ini juga masih membutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut pada manusia.

Efek pada kesehatan otak

Glutamat pada MSG berfungsi sebagai neurotransmitter, zat kimia yang merangsang sel-sel saraf untuk mengirimkan sinyal pada otak. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa MSG dapat menyebabkan toksisitas otak dengan menyebabkan kadar glutamat berlebihan di otak merangsang sel-sel saraf secara berlebihan, sehingga menyebabkan kematian sel.

Namun, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah tertelan, MSG akan dimetabolisme sepenuhnya di usus. Dari sana, ia berfungsi sebagai sumber energi, diubah menjadi asam amino lain atau digunakan dalam produksi berbagai senyawa bioaktif. Secara keseluruhan, tidak ada bukti kuat yang menunjukkan bahwa MSG mengubah kimia otak bila dikonsumsi dalam jumlah normal.

Baca Juga: Alternatif Dressing Pengganti Mayones yang Lezat dan Menyehatkan

 

Tips Aman Konsumsi MSG

MSG, dalam jumlah yang wajar, umumnya dianggap aman oleh badan pengatur seperti FDA. Namun, penting untuk tetap memperhatikan reaksi tubuh dan membatasi konsumsi jika diperlukan.

Beberapa tips aman yang bisa dilakukan:

  • Batasi konsumsi MSG sesuai rekomendasi harian, yaitu kurang dari 6 gram/hari untuk orang dewasa.
  • Jika Anda memiliki sensitivitas terhadap MSG, perhatikan dan hindari makanan yang mengandung MSG.
  • Jika Anda mengalami reaksi akibat konsumsi MSG, sebaiknya hentikan konsumsi untuk sementara dan konsultasikan dengan dokter.

 

Jika memiliki pertanyaan seputar konsumsi MSG, Anda dapat memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi yang tersedia di aplikasi Ai Care dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care dari App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • Sean Edbert Lim, MBBS
Last Updated : Kamis, 18 Juli 2024 | 07:00

Golden, E. (2023). Health Debunked: What Is MSG, and Is it Really Bad for You?. Available from: https://www.goodrx.com/well-being/diet-nutrition/is-msg-bad-for-you

Cleveland Clinic. Is MSG Actually Bad for You?. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/is-msg-really-harmful

Lang, A. (2023). Is MSG Truly Unhealthy? All You Need to Know. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/msg-good-or-bad

Mayo Clinic. What is MSG? Is it bad for you?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/monosodium-glutamate/faq-20058196#

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        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5795 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        • 0: 6621
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8709 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.52msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9820 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.44msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9110 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • 0: 9110
        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.3msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8628 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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