Waspada Hipertensi, Berikut Cara Mengurangi Asupan Natrium

Waspada Hipertensi, Berikut Cara Mengurangi Asupan Natrium
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Tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi dikenal sebagai penyakit yang banyak diderita orang dewasa. Penyakit ini dapat menyebabkan komplikasi kesehatan yang berat seperti meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung, stroke bahkan kematian.

Tekanan darah sendiri adalah tekanan yang diperlukan aliran darah untuk melewati pembuluh darah arteri. Tekanan ini bergantung pada tahanan pembuluh darah dan seberapa keras jantung harus bekerja. Semakin tinggi tekanan darah berarti semakin keras pula jantung harus bekerja, sehingga otot jantung akan semakin menebal. Selain itu, tekanan darah tinggi yang terjadi terus-menerus dapat merusak elastisitas pembuluh darah.

 

Gejala Hipertensi

Tidak semua orang mengalami gejala saat memiliki tekanan darah tinggi, namun disebutkan oleh WebMD bahwa sebagian penderita hipertensi mungkin mengalami gejala seperti:

  • Pusing
  • Gugup
  • Berkeringat
  • Kesulitan tidur
  • Wajah memerah

Seiring waktu, ketika tekanan darah tinggi semakin berat dan terus berlangsung lama, maka gejala yang dirasakan juga semakin parah, di antaranya:

  • Sakit kepala berat
  • Mimisan
  • Kelelahan atau kebingungan
  • Gangguan penglihatan
  • Rasa sakit di dada
  • Kesulitan bernapas
  • Detak jantung tidak teratur
  • Adanya darah di urine
  • Rasa berdebar di dada, leher atau telinga

Pada awalnya, penyakit hipertensi tidak selalu disertai dengan gejala, sehingga terkadang orang tidak menyadarinya. Gejala baru disadari ketika kondisi sudah memburuk. Satu-satunya cara untuk mengetahui dan memastikan apakah tekanan darah Anda tinggi adalah dengan mendapatkan pemeriksaan menggunakan tensimeter, alat ukur tekanan darah.

 

Natrium dan Hipertensi

Tubuh membutuhkan natrium atau garam agar dapat berfungsi dengan baik. Natrium memiliki peran penting bagi tubuh di antaranya:

  • Menjaga keseimbangan cairan di dalam tubuh
  • Menjaga kerja saraf dan otot

Ginjal bertugas untuk menyeimbangkan jumlah natrium di dalam tubuh, ketika kadar natrium rendah maka ginjal akan menahan natrium agar tidak keluar tubuh, sebaliknya bila kadarnya terlalu tinggi maka natrium akan dilepas melalui urine. Ada kalanya ginjal tidak dapat membuang cukup natrium karena jumlahnya yang terlalu banyak di tubuh, akibatnya ia akan menumpuk di dalam darah.

Natrium mampu menarik dan menahan air, sehingga ia dapat menyebabkan jantung bekerja lebih keras saat memompa darah. Sebagian orang yang sensitif terhadap natrium lebih mudah mengalami retensi cairan dan peningkatan tekanan darah.

Anda mungkin tak sadar bahwa selama ini makanan yang Anda konsumsi tinggi kandungan garamnya, misalnya seperti keju, makanan cepat saji, pizza, roti, bacon, sosis, dan lain sebagainya. Makanan-makanan tersebut hampir setiap hari dikonsumsi, dalam porsi banyak dan rutin, padahal menurut The American Heart Association, agar terhindar dari hipertensi, seseorang disarankan untuk mengonsumsi makanan dengan kandungan natrium kurang dari 1.500 mg per hari.

 

Cara Membatasi Asupan Natrium

Tidak mudah untuk membatasi asupan natrium karena sebenarnya beberapa jenis makanan mengandung natrium secara alami. Yang Anda perlukan adalah menyesuaikan porsi dan memilih jenis menu makanan agar konsumsi natrium tidak melebihi kebutuhan harian tubuh.

  • Perbanyak konsumsi makanan segar, bukan olahan

Sebagian besar sayuran dan buah segar mengandung natrium yang sangat rendah jumlahnya, demikian juga dengan daging, atau unggas yang tidak diolah terlebih dahulu. Beberapa jenis sosis, bacon mungkin juga rendah kandungan natriumnya, untuk mengetahuinya Anda bisa membaca label di balik kemasan.

  • Lebih sering makan di rumah

Membeli makanan di luar memang praktis ya apalagi jika Anda memiliki banyak kesibukan. Namun tahukah Anda bahwa makanan yang Anda beli di luar cenderung mengandung sodium yang tinggi? Perhatikan saja rasa asin dan gurihnya yang tentunya lebih teras dibandingkan saat Anda memasak sendiri di rumah.

Tak harus memasak menu yang sulit-sulit kok, Anda bisa memasak menu sederhana dan tetap bisa mendapatkan manfaatnya.

  • Mengganti garam dengan bumbu lain

Tak harus menggunakan garam sebagai bumbu utama dalam setiap masakan. Anda bisa menggantikannya dengan bumbu lain seperti misalnya oregano, rosemart, perasan jeruk nipis, dan lain sebagainya. Selain itu, hindari juga penggunaan aneka saus seperti kecal asin, saus salad, saus tomat, mayonaise, mustard dan lain sebagainya yang memiliki kandungan natrium tinggi.

 

Tidak mudah memang langsung mengubah kebiasaan makan yang terasa asin dan gurih karena tentu saja rasanya menjadi kurang nikmat. Tidak perlu terburu-buru karena Anda bisa mengurangi asupan garam ini secara bertahap, selanjutnya selera Anda akan menyesuaikan. Yuk hidup sehat mulai sekarang.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 12 April 2023 | 07:30

Mayo Clinic (2021). Sodium: How to tame your salt habit. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/sodium/art-20045479

Felman, A. (2021). Everything you need to know about hypertension (high blood pressure). Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150109

Mayo Clinic (2021). High blood pressure (hypertension). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20373410

 

WebMD (2020). Symptoms of High Blood Pressure. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/hypertension-symptoms-high-blood-pressure

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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