• Beranda
  • nutrisi
  • Benarkah Makan Makanan yang Dibakar dan Diasap dapat Memicu Kanker?

Benarkah Makan Makanan yang Dibakar dan Diasap dapat Memicu Kanker?

Benarkah Makan Makanan yang Dibakar dan Diasap dapat Memicu Kanker?

Bagikan :


Siapa yang tak suka menyantap makanan yang dibakar ataupun diasap? Aroma smokey yang khas dari makanan yang dibakar dan diasap menambah cita rasa tersendiri pada masakan. Meskipun lezat, Anda perlu membatasi konsumsi makanan yang dibakar ataupun diasap. Sebab, masakan yang dibakar ataupun diasap dianggap dapat memicu kanker. Benarkah demikian?

 

Mengapa Makanan yang Dibakar dapat Memicu Kanker?

Bagi Anda yang bosan dengan makanan yang digoreng, Anda bisa mengolah makanan dengan dibakar ataupun diasap. Makanan yang dibakar atau diasap dapat memberikan rasa yang khas pada makanan yang disantap. Selain itu makan yang dibakar atau diasap juga membuat daging terasa empuk dan garing. Namun makanan lezat ini ternyata memiliki risiko bagi kesehatan.

Makanan yang diproses dengan dibakar ataupun diasap memang dapat memicu kanker. Menurut WHO, daging olahan seperti sosis, dan daging hotdog masuk ke dalam daftar grup 1 karsinogen, yaitu makanan yang dapat menyebabkan kanker. Pengolahannya dengan cara dibakar dan diasap juga dapat meningkatkan risiko munculnya kanker.

 

Waspada Senyawa Karsinogenik HCA dan PHA

Saat Anda membakar atau mengasap daging dengan suhu tinggi, gizi yang terkandung dalam makanan akan berubah membentuk senyawa karsinogenik bernama heterocyclic amines (HCA). Senyawa ini terbentuk akibat pemanasan suhu tinggi yang mengenai asam amino dan kreatin dalam daging.

Jika Anda melihat bagian yang hangus seperti arang pada makanan, itulah hasil reaksi pembakaran tersebut. Reaksi ini hanya terjadi pada bagian otot yang mengandung kreatin seperti daging sapi, babi, domba, ayam, daging kambing, ikan dan kalkun. Selain pada metode pembakaran, HCA juga dapat terbentuk ketika pengolahan makanan dengan suhu tinggi lainnya seperti digoreng.

Selain HCA, Anda juga perlu mewaspadai senyawa karsinogenik lainnya yaitu polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Senyawa ini terbentuk ketika Anda membakar atau mengasap lemak dari daging sehingga asap mengendap dalam makanan. Kedua senyawa HCA dan PAH mulai terbentuk pada suhu 100 derajat Celcius dan akan semakin berbahaya ketika mencapai suhu 300 derajat Celcius. HCA dan PAH dikenal dapat merusak komposisi gen sehingga memicu perkembangan sel kanker.

 

Tips Aman Mengonsumsi Makanan yang Dibakar

Untuk mengurangi risiko kanker, Anda sebaiknya membatasi konsumsi makanan yang dibakar, terutama makanan kemasan atau olahan. Semakin lama proses pembakaran maka semakin berbahaya pula makanan yang Anda bakar, karena itu pilihlah makanan yang proses pembakarannya lebih singkat seperti udang atau ikan.

Berikut ini tips membakar makanan yang lebih aman bagi kesehatan:

1. Bakar buah dan sayuran

Bukan hanya daging yang memiliki rasa lezat saat dibakar, namun buah dan sayuran juga menarik untuk dibakar. Beberapa buah dan sayuran yang bisa Anda bakar di antaranya tomat, bawang bombay, paprika, terong, nanas, mangga dan apel. Membakar buah dan sayuran cenderung tidak dapat membentuk PAH dan HCA sehingga lebih aman bagi kesehatan.

2. Pilih daging tanpa lemak

Memisahkan kulit atau lemak dari daging mungkin membuat daging jadi kurang terasa gurih, namun cara ini lebih sehat karena tidak banyak lemak yang dibakar sehingga tidak banyak karsinogen terbentuk.

3. Marinasi dengan Bahan asam atau rempah

Marinasi daging yang akan Anda bakar bukan hanya membuat daging lebih lezat berbumbu. Sebuah penelitian menyebutkan bahwa memarinasi daging sebelum dibakar mampu menurunkan risiko pembentukan karsinogen HCA antara 92-99%. Beberapa bumbu marinasi yang bisa Anda gunakan di antaranya lemon atau air jeruk, cuka, kecap, madu, dan rempah-rempah lainnya.

4. Potong-potong dalam ukuran kecil

Dengan memotong daging dan sayuran dalam ukuran lebih kecil maka daging dan sayur akan lebih cepat matang dan waktu pembakaran semakin singkat. Sebuah tips yang juga bisa Anda coba yaitu Anda bisa memanggang daging dan sayur dengan oven atau microwave hingga matang sebagian baru membakarnya di panggangan. Menyingkat waktu pembakaran juga berarti meminimalisir terbentuknya senyawa karsinogenik yang disebabkan oleh pembakaran yang lama dalam suhu tinggi.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 10:56

Sumber:

 

  1. Behring S, Chun C. Is Grilling With Charcoal or Other Heat Sources Carcinogenic?. Healthline. 2021. https://www.healthline.com/health/is-grilling-with-charcoal-or-other-heat-sources-carcinogenic
  2. WHO. Cancer: Carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat. 2015. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/cancer-carcinogenicity-of-the-consumption-of-red-meat-and-processed-meat
  3. Bylsma LC, Alexander DD. A review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of red and processed meat, meat cooking methods, heme iron, heterocyclic amines and prostate cancer. Nutr J. 2015 Dec 21;14:125. doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0111-3. PMID: 26689289; PMCID: PMC4687294.
  4. Masuda M, Wang Q, Tokumura M, Miyake Y, Amagai T. Risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their chlorinated derivatives produced during cooking and released in exhaust gas. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Jul 1;197:110592. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110592. Epub 2020 Apr 13. PMID: 32298857.
  5. Magee E. A Healthier Way to Grill. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/features/a-healthier-way-of-grilling
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        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8762 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4517 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • 0: 4517
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6386 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • 0: 6631
        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4360 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.21msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9935 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9888 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8581 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9514 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Post
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      App\Models\Admin\Category
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      App\User
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