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Mengenal Ewing Sarcoma, Kanker Tulang Ganas yang Rentan Dialami Anak-Anak

Mengenal Ewing Sarcoma, Kanker Tulang Ganas yang Rentan Dialami Anak-Anak
Credit: Freepik. Penyakit kanker juga dapat dialami anak-anak.

Bagikan :


Penyakit kanker juga dapat dialami anak-anak. Salah satu jenis penyakit kanker yang dapat menyerang anak-anak adalah kanker Ewing sarcoma atau sarkoma ewing. Penyakit ini dapat dialami siapa saja, namun umumnya dialami oleh anak-anak dan remaja berusia 10-20 tahun.

 

Apa Itu Ewing Sarcoma?

Ewing sarcoma adalah kanker tulang dan jaringan lunak langka yang menyerang anak-anak dan remaja. Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, kasus kanker Ewing sarcoma dialami sekitar 1% dari total kasus kanker anak dan remaja berusia di bawah 15 tahun dan 2% dari kasus kanker pada usia 15-19 tahun.

Kondisi ini terjadi ketika DNA pada sel tertentu berkembang menjadi abnormal dan menyerang jaringan sehat. Sel kanker ini paling sering dijumpai pada tulang kaki, tulang panggul, atau tulang-tulang panjang pada tubuh. Namun kanker ini dapat muncul di bagian tulang mana pun.

Dilansir dari Rare Diseases, kanker tulang ini termasuk jenis yang berkembang dengan agresif dan dapat menyebar ke paru-paru dan tulang lainnya sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan kematian.

Umumnya penyakit ini dialami ketika remaja memasuki masa pubertas ketika tulang sedang mengalami masa pertumbuhan. Kanker ini lebih banyak dialami oleh remaja laki-laki daripada perempuan.

 

Gejala Kanker Tulang Ewing Sarcoma

Pada awalnya, gejala Ewing sarcoma dapat datang dan pergi sebelum pada akhirnya menunjukkan gejala yang konsisten. Sebagian besar gejala Ewing sarcoma ditandai dengan rasa nyeri pada tulang. Sedangkan gejala lainnya yang dapat muncul antara lain:

  • Terasa kaku, bengkak, dan nyeri tulang di tulang atau di jaringan sekitar tulang
  • Muncul benjolan di dekat permukaan kulit yang terasa hangat dan lembut ketika disentuh
  • Demam yang tidak kunjung hilang
  • Patah tulang yang terjadi tanpa cedera
  • Rasa lemah atau mati rasa di daerah yang terkena
  • Badan terasa tidak berenergi

 

Penyebab Kanker Tulang Ewing Sarcoma

Hingga saat ini peneliti belum mengetahui dengan pasti penyebab kanker Ewing sarcoma. Menurut penelitian, kanker Ewing sarcoma terjadi ketika sel tertentu mengalami perubahan DNA.

DNA memerintahkan sel untuk bekerja sesuai kebutuhan. Namun pada kasus Ewing sarcoma, DNA sel memberitahu sel sehat untuk mengabaikan instruksi yang diberikan. Kondisi ini menyebabkan sel berkembang biak secara abnormal, menyerang jaringan sehat dan menyebabkan kanker tulang Ewing sarcoma. Bukan hanya pada tulang, sel kanker ini dapat berkembang ke seluruh tubuh.

Beberapa faktor risiko yang dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya kanker tulang Ewing sarcoma antara lain usia remaja dan ras. Umumnya jenis kanker ini banyak dialami keturunan Eropa, Afrika dan Asia Timur.

 

Penanganan Kanker Tulang Ewing Sarcoma

Pengobatan yang dapat diberikan pada kanker tulang Ewing sarcoma perlu disesuaikan dengan jenis dan kondisi penyebaran kanker. Beberapa pengobatan Ewing sarcoma antara lain:

  • Kemoterapi
  • Terapi radiasi
  • Pembedahan
  • Targeted therapy, yaitu pengobatan yang menargetkan perubahan spesifik pada sel kanker

Selain memerhatikan kondisi fisik anak, yang perlu diperhatikan dalam penanganan kanker tulang pada anak-anak adalah kondisi mental anak dalam menjalani diagnosis dan pengobatan kanker. Proses diagnosis dan pengobatan dapat membuat anak-anak merasa cemas, takut dan stres. Apabila diperlukan, berikan pendampingan atau konseling pada anak agar anak-anak siap menjalani pengobatan.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 22:56

National Cancer Institute. Ewing Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®). Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/ewing-treatment-pdq#

Mayo Clinic. Ewing Sarcoma. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ewing-sarcoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351071NHS.

Ewing Sarcoma. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ewing-sarcoma/

ClevelandClinic. 2021. Ewing's Sarcoma. Available from: Ewing sarcoma - Diagnosis & Treatment - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (nih.gov)

 

Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center. 2021. Ewing's sarcoma.  Available from: Ewing sarcoma - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (nih.gov)

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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        Date ↕MethodURLData
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