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Terapi Antiretroviral, Apa Manfaatnya Bagi Penderita HIV?

Terapi Antiretroviral, Apa Manfaatnya Bagi Penderita HIV?

Bagikan :


Ketika hasil tes HIV Anda positif, apa yang harus dilakukan selanjutnya? Merupakan langkah yang bijaksana untuk kembali mengunjungi dokter dan meminta saran pengobatan sesuai dengan kondisi Anda saat ini. Dikatakan bahwa tidak ada pengobatan yang benar-benar bisa menyembuhkan HIV. Namun, bila diketahui lebih awal, ada terapi yang bisa membantu meringankan gejalanya, dan mencegah supaya virus tidak semakin menyebar di dalam tubuh.

Terapi tersebut adalah terapi antiretroviral (ARV), digunakan sejak tahun 1996 untuk membantu mengobati HIV. Dilansir Medical News Today, terapi ini memberi manfaat efek ganda pada tubuh, baik meningkatkan jumlah sel kekebalan tubuh dan juga mengurangi jumlah sel virus yang ada di dalam tubuh.

Cara kerja antiretroviral (ARV)

Secara teknis, cara kerja antiretroviral adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Menghentikan perkembangbiakan virus di dalam darah
  • Mengurangi viral load (jumlah salinan virus HIV per mL darah)
  • Meningkatkan jumlah sel CD4, merupakan sel kekebalan tubuh yang ditargetkan HIV, untuk meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh
  • Memperlambat dan mencegah perkembangan HIV stadium 3 atau yang disebut dengan AIDS
  • Mencegah penularan virus
  • Mengurangi gejala komplikasi yang berat dan meningkatkan potensi kelangsungan hidup
  • Membuat jumlah virus di dalam darah tetap rendah

Pengobatan terapi antiretroviral sendiri dibagi menjadi 7 dengan 30 obat yang berbeda, seperti dilansir Medical News Today berikut ini:

  • Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
  • Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
  • Penghambat protease
  • Obat penghambat gabungan
  • Antagonis reseptor CCR5
  • Integrase strand transfer inhibitors
  • Post-attachment inhibitors

Masing-masing golongan obat di atas memiliki manfaat yang berbeda-beda. Setiap kombinasinya bekerja untuk menghambat perkembang-biakan virus dan resistensi virus terhadap pengobatan.

Umumnya, dokter akan meresepkan beberapa pil sekaligus dalam sekali minum, yang tak boleh dilewatkan setiap harinya. Apabila dosis dan jadwalnya tidak dipatuhi, maka virus dapat berkembang biak dan bisa terbentuk resistensi virus terhadap obat.

Rencana pengobatan

Dosis dan rencana terapi antiretroviral akan diberikan dokter dengan merujuk pada beberapa kondisi seperti dilansir WebMD berikut:

  • Strain virus apa yang Anda miliki dan apakah virus tersebut kebal terhadap obat tertentu
  • Apakah Anda sedang dalam pengobatan atas kondisi medis lainnya
  • Obat apa saja yang saat ini Anda konsumsi
  • Bagaimana sistem kekebalan tubuh Anda saat ini dan kadar CD4 Anda
  • Berapa banyak obat yang Anda konsumsi setiap hari

Efek samping pengobatan

Setiap obat memiliki efek samping tertentu, demikian juga obat antiretroviral. Menurut WebMD, berikut adalah efek samping yang mungkin muncul:

  • Merasa ingin muntah
  • Diare
  • Kecemasan
  • Pusing
  • Ruam pada kulit
  • Kesulitan tidur

Efek samping ini tidak selalu muncul selama pengobatan, sehingga sebaiknya Anda tetap mengonsumsi sesuai jadwal dan dosis. Namun, bila muncul efek samping yang serius seperti gangguan pada hati, ginjal atau jantung, konsultasikan hal tersebut pada dokter yang menangani Anda untuk melihat bila pengobatan Anda perlu diganti dosis atau obatnya.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 03:39

Pietrangelo, A. (2021). A Comprehensive Guide to HIV and AIDS. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids#what-is-hiv

Fletcher, J. (2018). What to know about antiretroviral therapy for HIV. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323897

Pathak, N. (2021). How to Treat HIV. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/understanding-aids-hiv-treatment

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 3135
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.34msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2250 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2250
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1876
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5792 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5792
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-04-17 18:50:35GET/penyakit/terapi-antiretroviral-apa-manfaatnya-bagi-penderita-hiv4113160