Perbedaan Lemak Jenuh Vs Lemak Tak Jenuh

Perbedaan Lemak Jenuh Vs Lemak Tak Jenuh
Ilustrasi makanan lemak jenuh dan tak jenuh. Credits: Freepik

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Walaupun sering ditakuti, lemak sebenarnya adalah salah satu dari tiga makronutrien penting yang dibutuhkan tubuh selain protein dan karbohidrat. Lemak memiliki peran penting sebagai sumber energi, membantu penyerapan vitamin, dan mendukung pertumbuhan sel.

Namun penting diketahui bahwa tidak semua lemak sama. Lemak dibagi menjadi dua kategori utama, lemak jenuh dan lemak tak jenuh. Apa beda kedua lemak ini?

 

Apa itu Lemak Jenuh?

Lemak jenuh atau saturated fat adalah jenis lemak yang tidak memiliki ikatan ganda. Jenis lemak ini sering kali disebut sebagai lemak jahat dan lemak jenuh umumnya padat di suhu kamar.

Lemak ini dapat ditemukan pada produk hewani seperti daging merah, mentega, keju, dan produk susu lainnya. Beberapa minyak nabati juga mengandung lemak jenuh, seperti minyak kelapa dan minyak kelapa sawit.

Lemak jenuh cenderung lebih stabil dan tahan terhadap oksidasi sehingga tidak mudah rusak dan tengik. Inilah mengapa, lemak jenuh sering digunakan dalam makanan olahan dan saat memasak dengan suhu tinggi.

Mengonsumsi lemak jenuh berlebihan dapat meningkatkan kadar kolesterol LDL (kolesterol jahat) dalam darah. Kadar kolesterol LDL yang tinggi berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko penyakit jantung dan stroke.

Baca Juga: Cara Mengurangi Asupan Lemak Trans

 

Apa itu Lemak Tak Jenuh?

Berbeda dengan lemak jenuh, lemak tak jenuh biasanya cair pada suhu kamar. Lemak ini dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai makanan nabati serta ikan-ikanan.

Lemak tak jenuh dikategorikan lagi menjadi lemak tak jenuh tunggal dan lemak tak jenuh ganda. Lemak tak jenuh tunggal memiliki satu ikatan rangkap dalam struktur kimianya. Lemak jenis ini dapat membantu menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL dan meningkatkan kolesterol HDL (kolesterol baik). Anda bisa menemukannya di dalam minyak zaitun, minyak kanola, alpukat, dan kacang-kacangan.

Sedangkan, lemak tak jenuh ganda memiliki lebih dari satu ikatan rangkap. Lemak ini juga mengandung asam lemak omega-3 dan omega-6 yang penting untuk fungsi otak dan pertumbuhan sel. Anda bisa menemukan minyak ini di dalam ikan salmon, ikan tuna, biji rami, biji chia, dan minyak bunga matahari.

 

Tips Mengonsumsi Lemak Agar Tetap Sehat

Secara keseluruhan, lemak adalah bagian penting dari diet seimbang dan tidak sepenuhnya perlu dihindari. Namun, sangat penting untuk memilih jenis lemak yang sehat dan mengonsumsinya secara bijak agar berguna bagi tubuh.

Berikut adalah beberapa tips untuk mengonsumsi lemak agar tetap sehat:

Pilih lemak tak jenuh

Utamakan lemak tak jenuh untuk memenuhi kebutuhan lemak Anda. Lemak tak jenuh dapat membantu menurunkan kadar kolesterol jahat dan meningkatkan kolesterol baik.

Baca Juga: Panduan Memilih Bagian Daging Sapi yang Rendah Lemak

Batasi lemak jenuh

Meskipun tubuh membutuhkan sedikit lemak jenuh, terlalu banyak mengonsumsinya dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung. Batasi asupan lemak jenuh dengan memilih daging tanpa lemak, memilih produk susu rendah lemak, mengurangi produk hewani berlemak tinggi seperti daging merah, kulit ayam, dan jeroan.

Menghindari lemak trans

Batasi konsumsi lemak trans yang banyak ditemukan dalam makanan olahan seperti keripik, kue kering, dan margarin, serta makanan cepat saji.

Perhatikan porsi

Bahkan lemak sehat juga bisa menyebabkan peningkatan berat badan. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengontrol porsi dan membatasi konsumsi kacang-kacangan sekitar satu genggam per hari. Untuk memasak, gunakan sedikit minyak atau semprotkan minyak pada wajan.

Kombinasikan dengan pola makan seimbang

Lemak sehat perlu dikombinasikan dengan gizi yang seimbang, seperti serat, protein, vitamin, dan mineral yang bisa diperoleh di dalam buah-buahan, sayuran, biji-bijian utuh, dan sumber protein nabati atau hewani.

 

Mengonsumsi lemak sehat seperti alpukat, kacang-kacangan, biji-bijian, telur, dan minyak zaitun dapat bermanfaat bagi tubuh, namun tetap batasi porsinya. Berlebihan konsumsi lemak dapat berisiko menyebabkan obesitas, obesitas dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung dan penyakit kronis lainnya. 

Memiliki kesulitan dalam menyusun pola makan agar seimbang gizi dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan tubuh? Konsultasikan dengan dokter atau ahli gizi. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care di App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Rabu, 14 Agustus 2024 | 06:05

Ann Pietrangelo (2023). What’s the Difference Between Saturated and Unsaturated Fat?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/saturated-and-unsaturated-fat 

American Heart Association (2021). Saturated Fat. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/fats/saturated-fats 

Jennifer Moll, PharmD (2023). What Are Unsaturated Fats?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/foods-that-are-high-in-unsaturated-fats-697736 

Matthew Hoffman, MD, et all (2024). LDL Cholesterol. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/ldl-cholesterol-the-bad-cholesterol 

Franziska Spritzler (2023). Fat Grams – How Much Fat Should You Eat Per Day?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-much-fat-to-eat 

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