Waspadai Gejala Umum Penyakit Lupus

Waspadai Gejala Umum Penyakit Lupus

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Dalam kondisi normal, sistem imun memiliki fungsi untuk melindungi tubuh dari infeksi. Sel darah putih atau leukosit berperan sebagai sel imun yang mendeteksi adanya kuman, sel-sel tubuh yang sudah rusak atau benda asing seperti alergen yang masuk ke dalam tubuh. Namun pada penyakit autoimun, sel imun mengenali sel-sel sehat lain dalam tubuh sendiri sebagai “benda asing”, sehingga menyerangnya dan menyebabkan sel-sel tersebut meradang.

Penyakit Lupus merupakan salah satu penyakit autoimun kronis yang menyebabkan peradangan di beberapa organ tubuh mulai dari kulit, sendi, ginjal, jantung hingga otak. Perlu diketahui bahwa Lupus bukan penyakit menular, maka tidak perlu menjaga jarak dengan penderitanya.

Walaupun belum bisa dipastikan apa yang menyebabkan penyakit Lupus. Namun dikatakan jika kombinasi dari genetik dan lingkungan bisa menjadi salah satu penyebabnya. Bahkan beberapa pemicu lain bisa menjadi salah satu penyebab munculnya gejala lupus. 

Penyakit Lupus sendiri bisa dialami oleh siapapun, namun perempuan lebih sering terserang di usia yang lebih muda dibandingkan laki-laki. Perempuan umumnya terserang penyakit Lupus pada usia 15-45 tahun. Selain jenis kelamin, seseorang bisa dikatakan memiliki peluang mengalami penyakit Lupus lebih besar jika ada anggota keluarga lainnya yang menderita penyakit Lupus. 

Gejala Lupus

Penyakit Lupus bisa menyebabkan peradangan di beberapa organ dalam tubuh. Oleh sebab itu, gejala penyakit Lupus juga sangat beragam, tergantung di mana lokasi sel-sel tubuh yang diserang. Sehingga penderita Lupus satu dengan yang lain mungkin mengalami gejala yang berbeda. Walaupun demikian ada beberapa gejala umum yang dialami oleh penderita penyakit Lupus, diantaranya :

  • Sensitif terhadap sinar matahari. Sinar matahari mengandung sinar ultraviolet (UV) yang dapat menyebabkan sel-sel kulit menjadi rusak dan mati. Pada orang yang normal, sel imun akan bekerja mengangkut sel-sel kulit mati dan membersihkannya. Namun pada pasien Lupus, sel imunnya tidak dapat bekerja dengan cepat, sehingga sel-sel kulit yang mati menyebabkan peradangan.
  • Muncul ruam kemerahan pada kedua pipi dan hidung berbentuk seperti kupu-kupu. Kemerahan juga dapat timbul di tangan ataupun telapak tangan.
  • Sariawan yang tidak kunjung sembuh dan biasanya pada tempat yang tidak biasa. Misalnya di mukosa hidung, bagian atas rongga mulut dan tenggorokan. 
  • Nyeri dan bengkak pada bagian persendian, terutama adalah pada bagian lengan dan tungkai, seperti siku dan lutut, serta bisa menyerang lebih dari dua sendi.
  • Nyeri dada, terutama ketika menarik napas panjang. Hal ini karena terjadi peradangan di jantung dan paru-paru. 
  • Sakit kepala dan demam dengan suhu yang tidak terlalu tinggi. 

Itulah beberapa gejala yang paling sering dialami penderita penyakit Lupus. Jika Anda mengalami beberapa gejala seperti di atas, maka sebaiknya segera lakukan pemeriksaan ke dokter agar deteksi dan penanganan penyakit lupus bisa dilakukan sejak dini. 

 

 

First Updated: 18-May-2021

Writer : Editor AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 10 Desember 2024 | 16:57

1. CDC. 2018. Lupus Symptoms. Available from : https://www.cdc.gov/lupus/basics/symptoms.htm

2. Lupus Foundation of America. 2020. Lupus Symptoms. Available from : https://www.lupus.org/resources/common-symptoms-of-lupus

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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