Siapa Saja yang Memerlukan Suplementasi Zat Besi?

Siapa Saja yang Memerlukan Suplementasi Zat Besi?
Ilustrasi suplemen. Credit: Freepik

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Zat besi adalah mineral yang dibutuhkan tubuh untuk pertumbuhan. Tubuh menggunakan zat besi untuk membuat hemoglobin yang membawa oksigen dari paru-paru ke seluruh tubuh.

Kekurangan zat besi berisiko menyebabkan badan mudah lemas dan mengalami sesak napas. Untuk memenuhi kekurangan zat besi, Anda bisa mengonsumsi makanan yang kaya akan zat besi atau mengonsumsi suplemen.

 

Gejala Kekurangan Zat Besi

Zat besi merupakan nutrisi yang berperan penting dalam fungsi tubuh. Selain berfungsi untuk menghasilkan sel darah merah, zat besi juga berperan penting dalam mengoptimalkan fungsi otot, menjaga fungsi kognitif, dan meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh.

Sayangnya, banyak orang tidak menyadari bahwa dirinya mengalami kekurangan zat besi. Jika tidak diobati, kekurangan zat besi dapat berkembang menjadi kondisi yang lebih serius yang dikenal sebagai anemia defisiensi besi.

Beberapa tanda kekurangan zat besi antara lain:

  • Mudah mengalami kelelahan
  • Badan lemas dan kekurangan energi
  • Sesak napas
  • Kesulitan berkonsentrasi
  • Mudah sakit
  • Kulit pucat
  • Jantung berdebar-debar
  • Rambut rontok

Pada kondisi kekurangan zat besi yang berkembang menjadi anemia defisiensi zat besi, gejala dapat berkembang menjadi luka terbuka yang menyakitkan di sudut mulut, ngidam sesuatu yang bukan makanan (pica), dan kuku melengkung berbentuk sendok.

Jika Anda mengalami salah satu gejala ini, sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter untuk mengidentifikasi masalah kesehatan yang dialami. Melakukan pemeriksaan kadar zat besi secara teratur dapat menjadi cara yang baik untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengobati kadar zat besi rendah sebelum berkembang menjadi anemia defisiensi zat besi. 

Baca Juga: Mengapa Bayi ASI Perlu Mendapatkan Suplementasi Zat Besi?

 

Siapa Saja yang Memerlukan Suplementasi Zat Besi?

Kebutuhan zat besi tiap individu bergantung dari berbagai faktor seperti usia, jenis kelamin, dan kondisi kesehatan secara keseluruhan yang dialami. Berikut ini kebutuhan zat besi bayi sesuai usia:

  • Usia 4-8 tahun: 10 mg per hari
  • Usia 9-13 tahun: 8 mg per hari
  • Wanita usia 19-50 tahun: 18 mg per hari
  • Pria usia 19-50 tahun: 8 mg
  • Pria dan wanita usia menopause: 8 mg per hari

Orang dengan kondisi medis tertentu seperti sedang hamil atau menyusui bisa memerlukan lebih banyak zat besi. Selain memenuhi kebutuhan zat besi dari makanan, Anda juga bisa memenuhinya dengan mengonsumsi suplemen zat besi. 

Suplemen zat besi dapat mengembalikan kadar zat besi lebih cepat daripada intervensi diet. Pemberian suplemen zat besi juga sering dianggap sebagai metode pengobatan pilihan pada kasus anemia.

Baca Juga: Perlukah Minum Suplemen Zat Besi saat Haid?

Pada orang-orang yang tidak dapat mempertahankan kadar zat besi melalui makanan, pemberian suplemen zat besi merupakan cara efektif untuk meningkatkan kadar zat besi dalam tubuh. Beberapa kelompok yang perlu mendapat suplemen zat besi di antaranya: 

  • Ibu hamil
  • Bayi yang lahir prematur dan anak kecil
  • Orang yang mengalami menstruasi berat
  • Orang yang sering melakukan donor darah
  • Pengidap kanker
  • Orang dengan gangguan gastrointestinal, seperti penyakit celiac, kolitis ulseratif, atau penyakit Crohn
  • Orang yang telah menjalani operasi lambung
  • Pengidap gagal jantung
  • Orang yang mengonsumsi obat-obatan yang dapat mengurangi kadar zat besi, seperti antasida
  • Orang yang secara teratur melakukan olahraga berat
  • Penganut pola makan vegetarian atau vegan
  • Pengidap kelainan darah seperti thalasemia
  • Orang dengan kecanduan alkohol

 

Dalam mengonsumsi zat besi, sebaiknya ikuti anjuran dokter atau aturan pemakaian dalam kemasan. Mengonsumsi suplemen zat besi secara berlebihan dapat menyebabkan gangguan pencernaan dan penyerapan nutrisi lainnya di usus. Pada kasus parah, konsumsi suplemen zat besi berlebihan juga dapat memicu kerusakan sel, kegagalan organ, hingga koma dan kematian. 

Untuk itu, selalu konsultasikan dengan dokter mengenai status gizi dan cara pemenuhan kebutuhan zat besi Anda. Hindari mengonsumsi suplemen di luar ketentuan yang diberikan. Jika memiliki pertanyaan mengenai kebutuhan zat besi sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 4 Oktober 2024 | 12:34

Petre, A. (2020). Who Should Take Iron Supplements?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/iron-supplements-who-should-take

Watosn. S. (2022). What You Need to Know About Iron Supplements. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/features/iron-supplements

Griffin, M. (2024). Dietary Iron and Iron Supplements. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diet/supplement-guide-iron

National Institues of Health. Iron. Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-Consumer/

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.92msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4980 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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