Risiko Membatasi Asupan Garam Terlalu Berlebihan

Risiko Membatasi Asupan Garam Terlalu Berlebihan
Ilustrasi garam. Credits: Freepik

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Garam atau disebut juga natrium klorida dikenal sebagai pengawet makanan dan ditambahkan di dalam makanan untuk memberikan rasa asin. Mengonsumsi terlalu banyak garam dapat berisiko menyebabkan tekanan darah tinggi, penyakit jantung, dan stroke.

Namun, membatasi asupan garam berlebihan juga memiliki risiko kesehatan tersendiri bagi tubuh. Lantas berapa banyak garam yang aman dikonsumsi setiap hari?

 

Risiko Membatasi Asupan Garam Terlalu Berlebihan

Membatasi asupan garam berlebihan bisa berdampak negatif bagi tubuh, di antaranya:

Meningkatkan resistansi insulin

Beberapa penelitian mengaitkan diet rendah garam dengan peningkatan resistansi insulin. Resistansi insulin terjadi ketika sel-sel tubuh tidak merespon dengan baik sinyal dari hormon insulin. Akibatnya kadar insulin dan gula darah menjadi lebih tinggi.

Resistansi insulin menjadi faktor utama penyebab diabetes tipe 2 dan penyakit jantung. Meskipun demikian, masih dibutuhkan lebih banyak penelitian ilmiah terkait hal ini.

Baca Juga: Resistensi Insulin dan Bahayanya Bagi Kesehatan Anda

 

Meningkatkan risiko kematian akibat gagal jantung

Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa mengonsumsi terlalu sedikit garam berisiko meningkatkan kemungkinan kematian akibat gagal jantung dan masalah kardiovaskular lainnya. Namun, bukti ini masih terbatas dan memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.

Untuk mendapatkan manfaat kesehatan, Anda dianjurkan mengonsumsi garam dalam jumlah yang direkomendasikan.

 

Meningkatkan LDL dan trigliserida di dalam tubuh

Studi juga menemukan bahwa membatasi asupan garam berlebihan justru meningkatkan kadar kolesterol jahat dan trigliserida di dalam tubuh. Selain itu, membatasi asupan garam berlebihan juga dapat menurunkan tekanan darah.

 

Meningkatkan risiko hiponatremia

Hiponatremia terjadi ketika konsentrasi natrium di dalam darah terlalu rendah. Natrium adalah elektrolit yang dibutuhkan tubuh untuk mengatur jumlah air di dalam dan di sekitar sel.

Jika kadar natrium di dalam tubuh terlalu rendah, maka Anda mungkin mengalami gejala yang mirip dengan dehidrasi. Dalam kondisi yang parah, Anda dapat mengalami pembengkakan otak yang menyebabkan sakit kepala, kejang, koma hingga kematian.

 

Berapa Banyak Garam yang Direkomendasikan Setiap Hari?

Anjuran asupan garam yang direkomendasikan untuk orang dewasa berbeda-beda, tergantung pada usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, dan kondisi kesehatan. WHO merekomendasikan asupan garam sekitar 2300 mg atau sekitar satu sendok teh dalam sehari.

Bagaimanapun, garam memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan cairan dalam tubuh. Mengonsumsi garam sesuai anjuran dapat membantu mencegah masalah jantung di masa depan, membantu mengontrol jumlah cairan di sekitar jantung dan paru-paru.

Baca Juga: Sebenarnya Berapa Banyak Kebutuhan Garam Anak-Anak Setiap Hari?

 

Tips Mengonsumsi Garam Setiap Hari

Membatasi asupan garam agar tidak berlebihan itu penting, namun sama sekali tidak mengonsumsi garam juga berisiko bagi kesehatan. Berikut adalah tips mengonsumsi garam yang aman setiap hari:

  • Hindari mengonsumsi makanan olahan yang tinggi kandungan garam seperti daging asap, sosis, daging burger instan, nugget, dan lain sebagainya
  • Hindari mengonsumsi makanan instan atau snack yang tinggi kandungan garam
  • Gunakan bumbu lain selain garam untuk membumbui makanan Anda, misalnya seperti bawang putih, oregano, cabai dan lain sebagainya
  • Tambahkan perasan jeruk lemon untuk meningkatkan rasa yang lebih baik dan membuat daging lebih empuk
  • Hindari terlalu sering makan fast food. Selain tinggi kandungan garam, fast food juga cenderung kayak kandungan lemak jenuh
  • Pilih sayuran dan buah-buahan segar dibandingkan sayuran atau buah kalengan
  • Selalu periksa label kemasan makanan yang Anda beli dan pilih yang rendah kandungan natriumnya

 

Kebutuhan garam pada setiap orang dapat berbeda-beda, tergantung usia, jenis kelamin dan kondisi kesehatannya. Jika Anda ragu akan kebutuhan garam harian yang seharusnya dikonsumsi, Anda dapat berkonsultasi bersama dokter pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di Play Store atau App Store. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 5 Oktober 2023 | 08:39

Better Health. Salt. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/salt

Hrefna Palsdottir, MS (2020). 6 Little-Known Dangers of Restricting Sodium Too Much. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/6-dangers-of-sodium-restriction

Cleveland Clinic (2019). Sodium-Controlled Diet. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/15426-sodium-controlled-diet

Harvard T.H Chan. Salt and Sodium. Available from: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/salt-and-sodium

Cleveland Clinic (2022). The Low-Sodium Diet for Heart Failure. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/heart-failure-diet-low-sodium/

 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Hyponatremia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373711

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1970 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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