Urine Berwarna Cokelat Gelap, Ini Penyebabnya

Urine Berwarna Cokelat Gelap, Ini Penyebabnya
Ilustrasi warna urine gelap. Credits: Freepik

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Warna urine normal berkisar dari bening hingga kuning pucat. Warna urine sangat tergantung pada jumlah cairan, makanan atau minuman berwarna maupun obat-obatan dan suplemen yang dikonsumsi, serta masalah kesehatan yang dimiliki.

Beberapa kondisi kesehatan dapat memengaruhi warna urine, misalnya menjadi cokelat gelap. Ketahui kondisi kesehatan apa saja yang dapat menyebabkan urine berwarna cokelat gelap.

 

Penyebab Urine Berwarna Cokelat Gelap

Hematuria (darah di dalam urine)

Warna cokelat gelap pada urine menandakan kehadiran darah di dalam urine yang terlihat dengan mata telanjang. Kondisi ini disebut dengan hematuria.

Hematuria merupakan gejala dari berbagai kondisi kesehatan. Beberapa kasus mungkin disebabkan kondisi yang tidak berbahaya, namun juga bisa menjadi tanda penyakit serius. Kondisi kesehatan yang menyebabkan warna cokelat pada urine di antaranya:

  • Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK)
  • Batu ginjal
  • Kanker
  • Gangguan ginjal
  • Trauma atau cedera
  • Masalah koagulasi (pembekuan) darah
  • Penyakit autoimun seperti lupus eritematosus sistemik (LES)
  • Pembesaran prostat
  • Kanker

Baca Juga: Manfaat Pemeriksaan Sitologi Urine untuk Apa Saja?

Hepatitis

Urine berwarna cokelat atau gelap juga bisa menjadi tanda paling umum dari hepatitis (peradangan hati), baik hepatitis A, B maupun C. Ketika hati mengalami peradangan, maka kemampuannya dalam membersihkan darah dan memetabolisme bilirubin terganggu. Bilirubin yang menumpuk di dalam darah akan memengaruhi warna urine, menyebabkannya berwarna cokelat atau gelap.

Sirosis hati

Urine berwarna cokelat juga dapat menjadi gejala dari sirosis hati. Sirosis hati merupakan kondisi di mana jaringan parut menggantikan jaringan hati yang sehat. Sirosis umumnya berkembang sebagai komplikasi dari penyakit hati kronis, termasuk hepatitis B dan C, konsumsi minuman alkohol berlebihan, penyakit perlemakan hati non alkohol, atau penyakit hati autoimun.

Ketika hati mengalami sirosis, maka fungsinya dalam membersihkan darah dan menghasilkan zat-zat yang dibutuhkan pencernaan akan terganggu. Akibatnya, bilirubin akan menumpuk dan menyebabkan urine berwarna cokelat.

Penyakit ginjal

Beberapa penyakit ginjal dapat menyebabkan perubahan warna urine menjadi cokelat, misalnya ketika ginjal mengalami peradangan setelah terinfeksi bakteri Streptococcus, dalam medis disebut glomerulonefritis akut pasca streptokokus (GNAPS).

Selain perubahan warna urine, kondisi ini juga ditandai gejala lain seperti penurunan volume urine, pembengkakan (baik di perut, mata, wajah, kaki, tangan, atau pergelangan kaki), adanya darah di urine, nyeri dan kekakuan sendi.

Baca Juga: Oliguria, Ketika Urine yang Dikeluarkan Lebih Sedikit dari Biasanya

Anemia

Salah satu bentuk anemia, yaitu anemia hemolitik terjadi ketika sel darah merah dihancurkan lebih cepat dari yang dapat diproduksi. Ini dapat menyebabkan perubahan warna urine menjadi cokelat akibat sel darah merah yang hancur melepaskan pigmen darah ke dalam urine.

Anemia hemolitik juga biasanya disertai gejala lain, di antaranya:

  • Kulit terlihat pucat
  • Kulit atau mata menguning
  • Demam
  • Kelemahan dan kelelahan berlebihan
  • Pusing
  • Kebingungan
  • Detak jantung lebih cepat
  • Kesulitan melakukan aktivitas fisik

Kanker kulit

Meskipun jarang terjadi, kanker kulit juga terkadang melepaskan pigmen melanin ke dalam aliran darah. Pigmen melanin ini akan diekskresi melalui ginjal sehingga dapat mengubah warna urine menjadi cokelat.

 

Perubahan warna urine bisa menjadi tanda adanya masalah kesehatan yang serius. Sebaiknya periksakan diri ke dokter apabila tiba-tiba Anda melihat perubahan warna signifikan di dalam urine, atau perubahan warna urine disertai gejala lain seperti nyeri saat buang air kecil, demam, pembengkakan, atau rasa sakit yang tidak biasa.

Memiliki pertanyaan lain seputar perubahan warna urine? Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 28 Mei 2024 | 06:31

Markham Heid (2023). Why Is Your Urine Brown?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/brown-urine-causes 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Urine color. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urine-color/symptoms-causes/syc-20367333 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Blood in urine (hematuria). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/blood-in-urine/symptoms-causes/syc-20353432 

National Kidney Foundation. Lupus and Kidney Disease (Lupus Nephritis). Available from: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/lupus 

Penn Medicine (2022). Hepatitis. Available from: https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/hepatitis 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Cirrhosis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cirrhosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351487 

Mount Sinai. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (GN). Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/post-streptococcal-glomerulonephritis-gn 

Heidi Moawad, MD (2023). An Overview of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/iron-deficiency-anemia-overview-4797984 

John Hopkins Medicine. Hemolytic Anemia. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/hemolytic-anemia 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Skin cancer. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/skin-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377605 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.28msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4753 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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