Ketahui Manfaat dan Perbedaan Jenis Garam, Yuk!

Ketahui Manfaat dan Perbedaan Jenis Garam, Yuk!

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Garam telah dikenal selama berabad-abad lalu sebagai salah satu bahan pengolahan makanan. Garam atau Sodium chloride (NaCl) mengandung 40% natrium dan 60% klorida. Dalam sejarahnya, garam dimanfaatkan untuk mengawetkan makanan. Tingginya kandungan garam pada pengawet dapat mencegah perkembangan bakteri yang bisa menyebabkan makanan membusuk.

Kini, sumber garam terbesar berasal dari tambang garam atau dari proses penguapan air laut. Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi, muncullah beraneka-ragam garam yang memiliki varian rasa, tekstur atau warna.

Berbagai jenis garam

Dilansir Healthline, berikut adalah beberapa jenis garam beserta kegunaannya:

  • Garam dapur

Garam dapur adalah garam yang paling umum ditemukan. Garam ini telah melewati proses pemurnian - garam telah digiling sampai halus dan sebagian besar kotoran serta mineralnya dihilangkan. Umumnya garam dapur memiliki kandungan NaCl yang cukup tinggi hingga 97%, dan beberapa negara menambahkan yodium untuk mengatasi masalah gizi kekurangan yodium.

  • Garam laut

Garam laut dibuat dengan proses penguapan air laut. Seperti halnya garam dapur, garam ini tidak hanya memiliki kandungan Sodium chloride yang tinggi, namun juga mengandung mineral lain seperti kalium, zat besi dan zinc. Semakin gelap warna garam laut maka semakin tinggi kandungan nutrisi dan kemurniannya. Sayangnya, seiring dengan tingginya pencemaran air laut, garam laut juga mulai menngandung serpihan mikroskopik sampah plastik yang bisa berbahaya bagi kesehatan tubuh.

  • Garam Himalaya

Garam Himalaya ditambang di daerah Pakistan, tambang garam terbesar kedua di dunia. Garam Himalaya tinggi akan zat besi yang teroksidasi sehingga memberikan penampilan berwarna pink. Selain zat besi, terdapat kandungan kalsium, zat besi, kalium dan magnesium pada garam Himalaya.

  • Garam Kosher

Garam Kosher adalah garam yang memiliki butiran besar, dalam tradisi Yahudi digunakan untuk mengekstrasi darah dari produk daging yang akan diolah. Lebih kecil kemungkinan garam Kosher mengandung zat aditif dan yodium. Meskipun memiliki tekstur yang berbeda, saat dicampurkan dalam makanan, tidak muncul perbedaan yang mencolok bila dibandingkan dengan garam dapur biasa.

  • Garam Celtic

Garam Celtic adalah garam terkenal yang dibuat dari laut Celtic. Memiliki warna khas keabu-abuan, garam ini memiliki kandungan mineral yang tinggi, yaitu magnesium dan kalsium, namun dengan kandungan natrium yang rendah.

Manfaat Garam

Garam memiliki peranan penting dalam menjalankan fungsi tubuh, sehingga Anda tidak disarankan menghentikan konsumsinya sama sekali maupun mengonsumsi secara berlebihan. Dilansir Everyday Health, berikut adalah manfaat garam:

  • Membantu fungsi kelenjar tiroid

Tiroid memiliki peran penting dalam metabolisme tubuh. Yodium memiliki peran dalam sintesis hormon tiroid, dan mineral ini dapat diperoleh dari garam. Kekurangan yodium dapat menyebabkan pembengkakan kelenjar tiroid yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai gejala, serta berbahaya bagi janin dari wanita hamil.

  • Menjaga tubuh tetap terhidrasi

Garam juga dapat membantu menjaga keseimbangan elektrolit dan keseimbangan cairan di dalam dan luar sel tubuh, yang diperlukan dalam berjalannya fungsi organ. Ketika tubuh mengalami kekurangan cairan, dapat terjadi kram otot, pusing, dan kecemasan.

  • Mencegah tekanan darah rendah

Ketika jumlah natrium di dalam tubuh tidak mencukupi, maka Anda dapat mengalami tekanan darah rendah (hipotensi). Hipotensi dapat menyebabkan pusing, mual, pingsan, dan penglihatan kabur. Dengan mengonsumsi garam dalam porsi cukup dan tidak berlebihan, maka tekanan darah akan tetap terjaga. 

Namun juga perlu diketahui, bahwa sebagian orang tidak disarankan mengonsumsi garam berlebihan terutama orang dengan riwayat tekanan darah tinggi, diabetes, dan penyakit ginjal kronis. Konsumsi garam berlebihan bisa menyebabkan peningkatan retensi air, yang nantinya bisa meningkatkan tekanan darah dan memengaruhi jantung dan pembuluh darah.

Menurut Mayo Clinic, rekomendasi batas konsumsi sodium harian untuk anak-anak dan dewasa tidak boleh lebih dari 2.300 mg per hari.

  • Membantu mengatasi gejala fibrosis kistik

Umumnya, penderita fibrosis kistik kehilangan banyak garam melalui keringatnya dibandingkan kebanyakan orang, sehingga mereka membutuhkan lebih banyak air dan garam agar terhindar dari dehidrasi. Biasanya dokter dan dietisien akan memberi tahu mengenai kadar garam yang diperlukan dalam makanan sehari-hari.

Mengonsumsi garam dalam jumlah yang tidak berlebihan, akan memberikan manfaat kesehatan dan menjaga fungsi tubuh. Apabila Anda memiliki risiko kesehatan seperti tekanan darah tinggi, tekanan darah rendah, penyakit ginjal atau kondisi lain, maka konsultasikan porsi asupan garam yang sesuai dengan kondisi Anda dengan dokter agar tidak menimbulkan problem kesehatan lain.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 08:51

Palsdottir H (2017). Salt: Good or Bad?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/salt-good-or-bad

Gunnars K (2018). Types of Salt: Himalayan vs Kosher vs Regular vs Sea Salt. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/different-types-of-salt

Higuera V (2019). Salt 101: Why You Need It, How Much Is Too Much, and How to Cut Back. Available from: https://www.everydayhealth.com/diet-nutrition/diet/salt-health-benefits-risks-types-how-cut-back-more/

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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
      • 0: 4481
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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