Orang Tua Wajib Tahu, Tiga Tahapan Perkembangan Remaja

Orang Tua Wajib Tahu, Tiga Tahapan Perkembangan Remaja
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Setiap orang pasti pernah melewati masa remaja, yaitu fase transisi dari masa kanak-kanak ke masa dewasa. Menurut Psychology Today, masa remaja terjadi di antara usia 13 dan 19 tahun. Sedangkan di usia 9-12 tahun disebut dengan pra remaja, di mana anak mulai mengalami perubahan fisik dan psikologisnya.

Masa transisi ini tidaklah mudah bagi anak-anak, karena ada banyak perubahan yang harus mereka hadapi. Terkadang kebingungan akan membuat mereka mengalami kesulitan tersendiri. Dan akan menjadi masalah mental apabila anak remaja tidak mendapat pendampingan yang tepat.

 

Tahapan Perkembangan Remaja

Masa remaja sebenarnya dibagi menjadi tiga tahapan, orang tua sebaiknya tahu masing-masing tahapan ini agar lebih mudah memahami dan menghadapi anak. Berikut adalah tiga tahapan perkembangan yang dialami anak remaja:

Tahapan Early (usia 10-13 tahun)

Pubertas dimulai di tahapan early (pra remaja) di mana anak mengalami beberapa hal di antaranya:

  • Mengalami perubahan fisik dan mulai memiliki ketertarikan secara seksual pada lawan jenis
  • Adanya pertumbuhan rambut di ketiak dan area genital
  • Remaja perempuan mulai mengalami pertumbuhan payudara, sedangkan remaja laki-laki mengalami pembesaran buah zakar
  • Pemikirannya cenderung konkret
  • Berpikir egosentris
  • Mulai sadar akan penampilan dan khawatir akan dihakimi teman sebayanya
  • Minat intelektualnya mulai berkembang
  • Mulai merasa bahwa butuh waktu sendiri
  • Remaja perempuan mulai menstruasi pertamanya
  • Mereka mulai mempertanyakan identitas gender, sehingga hal ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi setiap orang tua

Tahapan Middle (pertengahan) (usia 14-17 tahun)

  • Masa pubertas berlanjut di usia ini, di mana remaja laki-laki mengalami percepatan pertumbuhan yang bisa dilihat dari tinggi badan, dan suaranya mulai pecah menjadi lebih rendah
  • Pertumbuhan remaja perempuan menjadi lebih lambat dan menstruasi menjadi lebih teratur
  • Remaja mulai tertarik pada hal-hal yang romantis dan tertarik untuk berpacaran
  • Remaja mulai lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu dengan teman ketimbang dengan orang tua
  • Remaja sangat memperhatikan penampilan fisiknya
  • Otaknya semakin berkembang menjadi lebih dewasa, walaupun hampir semua keputusan didorong oleh sisi emosionalnya
  • Remaja diusia ini cenderung mulai memiliki tujuan hidup dan mengerti apa artinya hidup

Tahapan Late (akhir) atau Dewasa Muda (usia 18 tahun keatas)

  • Pada fase ini, tubuh remaja mulai tumbuh menyerupai orang dewasa, di mana tinggi badannya mungkin tidak akan bertambah lebih banyak lagi
  • Cara berpikir remaja di usia ini lebih rasional, bisa mengontrol emosi dan mulai merancang masa depan
  • Memiliki identitas diri yang lebih kuat
  • Cenderung menunjukkan kemandiriannya dan emosi yang lebih stabil

 

Tips bagi Orang Tua dalam Menghadapi Perkembangan Anak

Memarahi anak yang sedang menjalani masa remajanya karena hal ini dan itu akan semakin menjauhkan mereka dari Anda. Sehingga penting bagi setiap orang tua untuk sedikit bergeser memberinya ruang pribadi namun tetap melakukan pengawasan dan pendampingan.

Tawarkan bantuan ketika mereka terlihat kesulitan sehingga tidak merasa ditinggalkan. Anda juga bisa mengajaknya berbicara dari hati ke hati ketimbang meluapkan amarah dan meneriakinya setiap mereka berbuat kesalahan.

Ingat bahwa di tahapan remaja, perkembangan otaknya sangat pesat dan mereka sudah mulai berpikir rasional, sehingga bukan saatnya untuk melakukan komunikasi satu arah saja.

Anak remaja mengalami banyak perubahan fisik yang mungkin tidak membuat mereka puas. Dalam hal ini Anda bisa membantu memupuk kepercayaan diri, memberikan semangat agar mereka bisa tampil sebaik mungkin.

Bila Anda merasa memiliki kesulitan dan anak terlihat semakin jauh, menarik diri dan selalu terlihat bersedih, tak ada salahnya menawarkan untuk berbicara pada ahli. Anda bisa mengunjungi dokter anak terlebih dahulu agar mendapatkan rujukan ke psikolog atau psikiater.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 04:43

emedicinehealth (2021). What Are the Three Stages of Adolescence?. Available from: https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_are_the_three_stages_of_adolescence/article_em.htm

WHO. Adolescent health. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health#tab=tab_1

Psychology Today. Adolescence. Available from: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/adolescence

 

Cleveland Clinic (2018). Adolescent Development. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/7060-adolescent-development

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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