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Penyebab dan Gejala Polip Usus Besar yang Perlu Diwaspadai

Penyebab dan Gejala Polip Usus Besar yang Perlu Diwaspadai
Ilustrasi nyeri perut sebagai salah satu gejala polip usus. Credits: Freepik.

Bagikan :


Polip adalah jaringan abnormal yang menonjol atau bertangkai dan bisa muncul di permukaan tubuh, biasanya membran mukosa. Polip dapat ditemukan di dalam telinga, serviks, lambung, hidung, rahim, tenggorokan, kandung kemih dan juga usus besar. Polip usus besar umumnya tidak berbahaya, namun ada beberapa jenis yang berpotensi berkembang menjadi kanker kolorektal jika tidak diatasi. Walaupun polip itu sendiri tidak bersifat ganas, hampir semua kanker kolorektal berasal dari polip usus besar.

 

Mengenal Polip Usus Besar

Polip usus besar adalah pertumbuhan jaringan abnormal di lapisan usus besar (kolon atau rektum). Diduga polip disebabkan oleh suatu perubahan yang terjadi pada gen tertentu, dan membuat sel untuk terus membelah diri serta berkembang menjadi jaringan baru. 

Polip usus besar ini sangat bervariasi baik bentuk maupun ukurannya, dan bisa tumbuh di bagian manapun di usus besar. Walaupun sebagian besar polip usus besar bersifat nonkanker (tidak ganas) dan tidak menimbulkan gejala, Anda tetap perlu waspada akan risiko berkembangnya polip ini menjadi kanker kolorektal.

Beberapa faktor risiko juga meningkatkan risiko pembentukan polip usus besar, di antaranya:

  • Polip usus besar lebih sering ditemukan pada orang berusia 50 tahun ke atas
  • Polip usus besar lebih berisiko dialami mereka yang memiliki masalah peradangan usus
  • Orang dengan riwayat keluarga yang mengalami polip usus besar juga lebih berisiko mengalami polip usus besar
  • Penelitian menemukan bahwa merokok dan mengonsumsi alkohol berlebihan meningkatkan risiko polip usus besar
  • Obesitas, kurang berolahraga serta pola makan yang tinggi lemak dan rendah serat meningkatkan risiko polip usus besar

Baca Juga: Tentang Usus Buntu, Ketahui Mana Mitos dan Fakta

 

Gejala Polip Usus Besar

Polip usus besar tidak selalu disertai dengan gejala yang khas. Anda mungkin tidak menyadari bahwa ada polip yang sedang berkembang di usus besar Anda dan polip baru ditemukan ketika Anda melakukan pemeriksaan.

Dari berbagai kasus polip usus besar, diketahui bahwa penderita polip usus besar memiliki kecenderungan gejala sebagai berikut:

Perubahan buang air besar

Perubahan buang air besar seperti sembelit, diare atau BAB berlendir yang berlangsung lama dan tanpa sebab yang jelas, bisa menjadi salah satu gejala yang perlu diwaspadai sebagai polip usus besar. Namun, gejala ini juga mungkin menunjukkan masalah pencernaan yang lain. Untuk mengetahui penyebabnya, Anda perlu mendapatkan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut, terutama bila Anda memiliki faktor risiko polip usus besar seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas.

Perubahan warna tinja

Perubahan warna tinja menjadi merah atau kehitaman bisa disebabkan oleh makanan atau zat-zat tertentu yang Anda konsumsi, misalnya seperti buah bit, pewarna makanan atau suplemen zat besi. Namun, warna merah atau kehitaman pada tinja juga bisa menandakan adanya darah di dalam tinja. Darah ini bisa berasal dari luka di pencernaan, ulkus atau masalah usus. Perdarahan saluran cerna yang tidak diatasi bisa menimbulkan beragam gejala yang memengaruhi tubuh Anda.

Perdarahan rektal

Perdarahan yang keluar dari rektal atau dubur bisa menjadi tanda beberapa kondisi termasuk polip usus besar. Perdarahan ini mungkin terjadi karena pembuluh darah polip mengalami kerusakan atau pecah, di mana darah mengalir dan muncul di dalam tinja atau sebagai perdarahan rektal.

Anemia

Anemia defisiensi zat besi dapat terjadi akibat perdarahan kronis pada saluran cerna yang berasal dari polip. Perdarahan yang terjadi perlahan dan berkelanjutan menandakan bahwa polip mungkin berkembang makin besar dan berubah menjadi ganas.

Anemia akibat kekurangan zat besi ini biasanya disertai dengan gejala seperti kelelahan yang berlebihan, sesak napas, kulit pucat dan kelemahan.

Baca Juga: Penderita Anemia Sebaiknya Menghindari Beberapa Jenis Makanan Ini

Nyeri perut

Polip usus besar memiliki potensi berkembang menjadi lebih besar dan menyumbat sebagian maupun keseluruhan usus besar. Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan berbagai gejala seperti nyeri perut atau kram, perasaan kembung atau tekanan pada perut yang bisa mengganggu.

 

Karena polip usus besar tidak memiliki gejala yang spesial, maka sangat penting untuk memeriksakan diri apabila Anda mengalami beberapa gejala di atas. Dokter dapat membantu Anda mencari penyebab dan merekomendasikan pengobatan yang tepat sesuai dengan keluhan Anda.

Manfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan untuk keluhan terkait pencernaan atau gejala lainnya dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 8 Desember 2023 | 04:03

Mayo Clinic (2023). Colon polyps. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colon-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20352875 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Colon Polyps. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15370-colon-polyps 

WebMD (2022). What You Should Know About Colon Polyps. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/colon-polyps-basics 

Cancer Council. Polyps. Available from: https://www.cancer.org.au/polyps 

Suzanne Dixon, MPH, RD (2023). Anemia and Colon Cancer. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/anemia-can-signal-colon-cancer-3974312 

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      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8045 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8045
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3864 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3864
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.83msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8906 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8906
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1576 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1576
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7496 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7496
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3566 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3566
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7786 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9829 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9829
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.19msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9695 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9695
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.37msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9642 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9642
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new860μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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