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Tidak Cuma Gatal-Gatal, Kenali Tanda-Tanda Alergi Daging Merah

Tidak Cuma Gatal-Gatal, Kenali Tanda-Tanda Alergi Daging Merah
Credit: Freepik

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Tubuh kita memerlukan asupan protein dan zat besi dari daging merah. Namun bagi sebagian orang, makan daging merah bisa menimbulkan gejala alergi seperti gatal-gatal hingga bibir bengkak. Kondisi ini termasuk alergi makanan yang berpotensi membahayakan jiwa. 

 

Penyebab Alergi Daging Merah

Daging merah sebenarnya bukan termasuk salah satu makanan pemicu alergi, namun kasus alergi daging merah belakangan ini semakin meningkat. Alergi daging merah adalah kondisi dimana sistem kekebalan tubuh Annda menganggap protein yang terkandung dalam daging sebagai zat yang berbahaya. Reaksi ini termasuk dalam kondisi bernama alpha-gal syndrome, yaitu reaksi alergi yang muncul setelah seseorang makan daging merah atau terpapar produk yang mengandung alpha-gal.

Alpha-gal adalah molekul gula yang ditemukan di sejumlah mamalia seperti sapi, kelinci dan domba. Alpha-gal ini dapat ditemukan di daging merah dan produk yang dihasilkan oleh mamalia tersebut seperti daging, susu dan gelatin.

Selain dari mengonsumsi daging merah, molekul alpha-gal juga dapat masuk ke tubuh manusia melalui gigitan kutu Lone Star. Kutu yang membawa molekul alpha-gal dari mamalia yang digigit bisa membuat manusia terpapar molekul ini melalui gigitannya. Akibatnya, dalam tubuh manusia bisa berkembang alergi daging merah setelah makan daging sapi atau babi.

Namun, tidak semua orang yang digigit kutu Lone Star akan menimbulkan gejala alergi. Masih dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai bagaimana gigitan ini dapat menimbulkan reaksi alergi dan faktor risiko yang mengembangkan kondisi tersebut.

Baca Juga: Sering Bersin-Bersin Setelah Makan? Selain Alergi, Mungkin Ini Penyebabnya

 

Gejala Alergi Daging Merah (Alpha-Gal Syndrome)

Gejala alergi daging merah umumnya mirip dengan gejala alergi makanan lainnya. Dilansir dari CDC, beberapa gejala alergi daging merah yang muncul di antaranya:

  • Gatal-gatal atau muncul ruam gatal
  • Mual atau muntah
  • Mulas atau gangguan pencernaan
  • Diare
  • Batuk, sesak napas, atau kesulitan bernapas
  • Penurunan tekanan darah
  • Pembengkakan bibir, tenggorokan, lidah, atau kelopak mata
  • Pusing atau pingsan
  • Sakit perut yang parah

Baca Juga: Cara Sehat Mengolah Daging Merah

 

Reaksi alergi biasanya muncul 2-6 jam setelah makan daging, produk susu, atau setelah terpapar produk yang mengandung alpha-gal seperti lapisan gelatin pada obat. Perlu diketahui bahwa reaksi alergi setiap orang berbeda-beda, dan masing-masing orang dapat mengalami reaksi dari ringan hingga berat atau bahkan mengancam jiwa.

Jika muncul reaksi anafilaksis, atau reaksi alergi berat dan berujung pada penurunan tekanan darah secara drastis dan penyempitan saluran pernapasan maka sebaiknya bawa ke IGD agar segera mendapat penanganan. Reaksi anafilaksis adalah kondisi darurat yang membahayakan jiwa sehingga butuh pertolongan segera.

 

Cara Menangani Alergi Daging Merah

Cara untuk mengatasi alergi daging merah adalah dengan menghindari konsumsi daging merah. Jika molekul alpha-gal yang menyebabkan Anda mengalami alergi, maka Anda juga perlu menghindari makanan lain yang mengandung alpha-gal. Beberapa produk yang mengandung alpha-gal antara lain:

  • Beragam olahan daging mamalia seperti babi, sapi, kelinci, domba, dan daging rusa, termasuk jeroannya
  • Produk lain yang terbuat dari mamalia termasuk gelatin, susu, lemak babi, dan kaldu daging

Anda juga perlu menghindari bahan-bahan yang mengandung gelatin seperti gliserin, magnesium stearate dan ekstrak bovine.

Untuk meredakan gejala alergi daging merah yang muncul, dokter dapat meresepkan obat alergi seperti antihistamin dan albuterol bila Anda mengalami penyempitan saluran napas. Apabila Anda mengalami gejala alergi berat seperti anafilaksis, segera periksakan ke unit gawat darurat untuk mendapat pertolongan pertama seperti suntikan epinefrin.

Alergi daging merah termasuk alergi yang jarang dialami, namun jika Anda mengalaminya sebaiknya hindari konsumsi daging merah untuk sementara. Segera periksakan ke dokter jika dirasa muncul tanda alergi daging merah seperti gatal-gatal, gangguan pencernaan, bibir bengkak atau tanda alergi berat seperti tekanan darah menurun drastis.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Tags : Alergi daging merah anafilaksis

CDC. Alpha-gal Syndrome. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/alpha-gal/index.html#

Vhan, T. (2023). Everything You Need to Know About Red Meat Allergies. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/red-meat-allergy

Mayo Clinic. Alpha-gal Syndrome. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alpha-gal-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20428608

 

 

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        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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