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Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Penyakit Hati Polikistik

Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Penyakit Hati Polikistik
Ilustrasi penyakit hati polikistik. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Pada organ hati dapat tumbuh kista, yaitu kantong berisi cairan. Umumnya kista yang tumbuh di organ hati tidak bersifat ganas. Salah satu jenis kista hati adalah hati polikistik yang biasanya diturunkan dalam keluarga. Seperti apa gejala dan penanganan hatii polikistik? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Itu Hati Polikistik?

Kista hati adalah suatu kondisi dimana terbentuknya kantung berisi cairan di organ hati. Kondisi ini bisa dialami orang dewasa usia 30-70 tahun. Sebagian besar kasus kista hati tidak bersifat ganas, namun ada dua jenis kista hati yang membutuhkan pembedahan atau penanganan lain, yaitu:

  • Hydatidosis yang disebabkan oleh parasit dan dapat menyebabkan demam serta penyakit kuning
  • Hati polikistik yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya sekumpulan kista mirip anggur di organ hati

Penyakit hati polikistik (polycistic liver disease) merupakan penyakit langka yang dapat dialami 1 hingga 10 orang dalam setiap 100.000 orang. Kondisi hati polikistik biasanya disebabkan oleh faktor keturunan. 

Pada pengidap hati polikistik, organ hatinya terbentuk kista jinak yang terlihat seperti kumpulan buah anggur yang besar. Sebagian besar pengidap hati polikistik tidak menunjukkan gejala dan hanya sekitar 20% yang menunjukkan gejala. Jika kondisi ini tidak ditangani, pengidap hati polikistik akan mengalami perut bengkak atau buncit dan rasa tidak nyaman di perut. 

Baca Juga: Waspada, Sering Makan Gorengan dapat Menyebabkan Perlemakan Hati (Fatty Liver Disease)

 

Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Hati Polikistik

Sebagian besar penyakit hati polikistik atau PLD merupakan penyakit genetik, meskipun demikian penyakit ini juga dapat terjadi secara acak tanpa adanya hubungan genetik. Biasanya penyakit ini banyak dialami oleh wanita daripada laki-laki. Pengidap hati polikistik umumnya juga mengalami penyakit ginjal polikistik dan frekuensinya dapat terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia dan perkembangan penyakit ginjal. 

Pengidap hati polikistik umumnya tidak menyadari bahwa mereka memiliki sekumpulan kista di hati hingga ukuran kista cukup besar untuk dideteksi. Ukuran kista dapat bervariasi mulai dari seukuran kepala peniti hingga berukuran sekitar 10 cm.

Bukan hanya ukuran kista yang dapat membesar, namun ukuran hati juga dapat menjadi sangat membesar. Namun demikian dalam banyak kasus penyakit ini tidak dianggap membahayakan atau mematikan. 

Mengingat penyakit ini merupakan penyakit keturunan, jika Anda atau seseorang dalam keluarga mengalami penyakit hati polikistik sebaiknya lakukan pemeriksaan untuk penyakit tersebut. Pemeriksaan dapat dilakukan dengan pencitraan seperti USG, CT Scan atau MRI. 

Baca Juga: Mengapa Kulit dan Mata Berubah Menjadi Kuning Saat Sakit Liver?

 

Gejala Hati Polikistik

Sebagian besar penyakit hati polikistik tidak menunjukkan gejala sehingga tak jarang pengidap hati polikistik tidak menyadari bahwa ia mengalami kondisi tersebut. Kista pada hati dapat tumbuh pada usia dewasa awal dan terus berkembang selama masa dewasa. Pada kasus hati polikistik dimana hati menjadi sangat membesar dan penuh dengan kista, gejala yang dapat muncul antara lain:

  • Kembung atau bengkak di perut
  • Sakit perut
  • Merasa kenyang atau begah
  • Sesak napas 

Pada kasus hati polikistik yang lebih parah, pasien dapat merasakan nyeri perut akibat pendarahan pada kista, infeksi kista dan adanya sumbatan pada saluran empedu dan penyakit kuning (jaundice) yang menyebabkan kulit dan mata menguning. 

 

Penyakit hati polikistik sebagian besar disebabkan oleh faktor genetik. Jika dalam keluarga memiliki riwayat penyakit hati polikistik, sebaiknya Anda melakukan pemeriksaan organ hati secara berkala. Apabila memiliki pertanyaan lain seputar kesehatan, Anda bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Rabu, 19 Juni 2024 | 09:49

Marks, H. (2024). Polycystic Liver Disease: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/polycystic-liver-disease-causes-symptoms-treatment

Rare Disease. Polycystic Liver Disease. (2023). Available from: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/polycystic-liver-disease/

British Liver Truust. Polycstic Liver Disease. Available from: https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/polycystic-liver-disease/

Weill Cornell MEdicine. (2023). What to Know About Polycystic Liver Disease (PLD). Available from: https://weillcornell.org/news/what-to-know-about-polycystic-liver-disease-pld

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8317 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8317
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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