Ketahui Penyebab Fotokeratitis dan Gejalanya

Ketahui Penyebab Fotokeratitis dan Gejalanya
Ilustrasi fotokeratitis. Credits: Freepik

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Terlalu banyak paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV) dari sinar matahari kerap menyebabkan efek tertentu bagi mata, seperti katarak, kanker mata, pterigium, dan juga fotokeratitis.

Fotokeratitis umumnya terjadi dalam waktu singkat setelah paparan sinar UV yang intens. Walaupun tidak selalu menyebabkan kerusakan permanen pada mata, rasa sakit dan gangguan penglihatan yang diakibatkannya bisa sangat mengganggu. Ketahui lebih banyak tentang penyebab dan gejala fotokeratitis dalam ulasan berikut ini.

 

Apa itu Fotokeratitis?

Fotokeratitis adalah kondisi di mana terjadi kerusakan pada kornea mata yang terasa sangat menyakitkan akibat paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV) yang berasal dari matahari. Fotokeratitis bisa digambarkan seperti sengatan sinar matahari pada kulit, hanya saja yang dipengaruhi adalah kornea mata bukan kulit.

Paparan sinar UV ini dapat merusak kornea (lapisan bening mata yang menutupi bagian berwarna bola mata) dan konjungtiva (selaput bening yang menutupi bagian putih mata dan kelopak mata bagian dalam).

Fotokeratitis sering kali disebut dengan istilah lain yang terkait dengan penyebabnya. Misalnya, snow blindness yang merupakan jenis fotokeratitis akibat sinar UV yang dipantulkan oleh salju dan es. Kondisi ini lebih sering dialami oleh orang yang tinggal di daerah kutub utara, kutub selatan, atau pegunungan.

Baca Juga: Setelah Menggunakan Skincare Ini, Sebaiknya Hindari Paparan Sinar Matahari Langsung

 

Penyebab Fotokeratitis

Penyebab utama dari fotokeratitis adalah paparan berlebihan terhadap sinar UV pada mata, baik dari sumber alami atau buatan. Berikut adalah beberapa contoh penyebabnya:

Paparan sinar matahari di dataran tinggi

Daerah dengan ketinggian yang lebih tinggi seperti pegunungan memiliki intensitas sinar UV yang lebih kuat. Akibatnya, orang yang tinggal di pegunungan, pendaki, dan pemain ski, lebih berisiko terhadap fotokeratitis bila tidak melindungi mata dengan baik.

Cahaya yang dipantulkan salju, air, dan pasir

Salju, air, dan pasir adalah reflektor sinar UV yang sangat efektif. Paparan UV yang dipantulkan oleh tiga elemen ini dapat memperburuk dampak sinar matahari terhadap mata.

Penggunaan peralatan UV buatan

Beberapa sumber sinar UV buatan seperti lampu tanning, peralatan las, atau lampu yang digunakan untuk sterilisasi juga dapat menyebabkan fotokeratitis jika digunakan tanpa perlindungan mata yang tepat. Untuk itu, para pekerja las, orang yang menggunakan bed tanning disarankan menggunakan kacamata khusus.

Kurangnya perlindungan mata

Kacamata hitam atau kacamata khusus yang memiliki perlindungan terhadap sinar UV sangat penting digunakan untuk menghindari mata dari kerusakan akibat sinar UV. Sayangnya, banyak orang yang meremehkan hal ini dan memilih untuk tidak menggunakannya. Padahal, penggunaan perlindungan mata sangat penting untuk mengurangi risiko fotokeratitis.

Baca Juga: Mata Sering Terasa Panas? Kenali Penyebabnya

 

Gejala Fotokeratitis

Mirip seperti luka sengatan panas pada kulit, fotokeratitis biasanya ditandai dengan beberapa gejala. Gejala ini biasanya muncul dalam beberapa jam setelah paparan sinar UV. Gejalanya bisa ringan hingga parah, tergantung berapa lama dan seberapa intens paparan UV terhadap mata.

Beberapa gejala umum fotokeratitis di antaranya:

  • Rasa sakit pada mata
  • Mata merah dan iritasi
  • Pandangan mata yang kabur
  • Sensasi seperti robekan pada mata
  • Perasaan mata berpasir
  • Pembengkakan
  • Sensitif terhadap cahaya terang
  • Sakit kepala
  • Penglihatan seperti melihat lingkaran cahaya
  • Pupil yang mengecil
  • Kelopak mata berkedut
  • Kehilangan penglihatan sementara

Umumnya gejala ini dirasakan 6-24 jam, dan akan hilang dalam 48 jam. Namun, penting untuk diingat bahwa semakin lama mata Anda terpapar sinar matahari maka semakin parah pula gejala yang Anda rasakan.

Apabila Anda merasakan gejala seperti yang disebutkan di atas, sebaiknya segera jauhkan diri dari sumber sinar UV. Aplikasikan kompres dingin pada mata dan berikan waktu istirahat pada mata. Hindari menggosok mata dan gunakan obat tetes mata untuk melembapkan dan menenangkan mata.

Jika gejala yang dirasakan tidak membaik dalam 24-48 jam, segera konsultasikan dengan dokter mata. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan Ai Care dengan mengunduhnya melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 24 Oktober 2024 | 13:16

Daniel Porter (2023). What is Photokeratitis — Including Snow Blindness?. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/photokeratitis-snow-blindness 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Photokeratitis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15763-photokeratitis 

David Turbert (2024). The Sun, UV Light and Your Eyes. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/sun 

Adam Debrowski (2023). Understanding sunburned eyes (photokeratitis). Available from: https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/cornea/can-eyes-get-sunburned/

Adam Felman (2024). How to prevent photokeratitis. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/photokeratitis 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8505 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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