Pertolongan Pertama pada Stroke, Ini yang Harus Dilakukan

Pertolongan Pertama pada Stroke, Ini yang Harus Dilakukan
Ilustrasi serangan stroke. | Credit: Freepik

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Stroke adalah kondisi dimana terhambatnya aliran darah ke otak yang disebabkan oleh pecahnya pembuluh darah atau adanya sumbatan pada aliran darah. Jika dibiarkan, kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan permanen atau kematian. Lantas, bagaimana pertolongan pertama pada serangan stroke?

 

Gejala Stroke

Gejala stroke pada setiap orang dapat berbeda-beda, terkadang gejala stroke tidak cukup jelas sehingga menyebabkan penanganan stroke sering terlambat. Untuk mengetahui apakah seseorang mengalami gejala stroke, Anda dapat menggunakan metode FAST (Face, Arms, Speech, Time) berikut ini:

  • Face atau wajah, amati apakah ada otot wajah yang mengalami kaku atau kendur seperti bibir melorot atau mati rasa
  • Arms atau lengan, dapat ditandai dengan salah satu atau kedua lengan melorot ketika diangkat ke atas
  • Speech atau kemampuan bicara, pada penderita stroke dapat mengalami kesulitan bicara atau bicara tidak jelas seperti berkumur
  • Time, jika menunjukkan gejala di atas maka sebaiknya segera hubungi ambulans atau bawa pasien ke IGD. 

Selain gejala di atas, gejala stroke yang dapat muncul antara lain:

  • Penglihatan kabur atau kehilangan penglihatan, terutama pada salah satu mata
  • Kesemutan, kelemahan, atau mati rasa di satu sisi tubuh
  • Mual
  • Hilangnya kontrol kandung kemih atau usus
  • Sakit kepala ringan atau pusing
  • Kehilangan keseimbangan atau kesadaran

Jika Anda mendapati seseorang mengalami gejala serangan stroke, maka sebaiknya segera bawa ke IGD. Dalam stroke dikenal masa golden period, yaitu waktu penting dalam penanganan stroke. Jika stroke mendapat penanganan yang tepat dalam waktu 4,5 jam, maka diharapkan dapat meminimalisir kerusakan pada otak. 

 

Baca Juga: Stroke di Usia Muda Semakin Marak, Apa Penyebabnya?

 

Penanganan Pertama pada Serangan Stroke

Stroke dapat menyebabkan hilangnya keseimbangan atau ketidaksadaran yang dapat mengakibatkan terjatuh. Jika Anda merasa seseorang di sekitar Anda mengalami gejala stroke, berikut ini penanganan pertama pada stroke yang bisa Anda lakukan:

  • Hubungi layanan darurat. Jika Anda mengalami gejala stroke, mintalah orang lain menghubungi Anda. Tetap setenang mungkin sambil menunggu bantuan darurat.
  • Jika Anda merawat orang lain yang terkena stroke, pastikan posisi orang tersebut aman dan nyaman. Baringkan mereka dengan kepala sedikit terangkat dan topang kepalanya jika mereka muntah.
  • Periksa apakah orang tersebut masih bernapas. Jika mereka tidak bernapas, lakukan RJP. Jika mereka kesulitan bernapas, longgarkan pakaian dengan membuka kancing pakaian, dasi atau syal. Jika tidak dapat melakukan RJP, tunggu layanan medis tiba untuk melakukan RJP.
  • Tutupi badan pasien dengan selimut agar tetap hangat
  • Jangan beri mereka apa pun untuk dimakan atau diminum
  • Jika orang tersebut menunjukkan kelemahan pada salah satu anggota tubuhnya, hindari menggerakkannya

Gejala stroke dapat memburuk dengan cepat. Amati perubahan gejala pada pasien tersebut dengan cermat untuk dilaporkan pada petugas medis. Informasikan pada petugas apakah pasien tersebut jatuh atau mengalami benturan.

 

Baca Juga: Ketahui Apa Saja Dampak pada Tubuh Setelah Serangan Stroke

 

Stroke dapat disebabkan oleh dua penyebab utama yaitu tersumbatnya pembuluh darah (stroke iskemik) atau pecahnya pembuluh darah (stroke hemoragik). Beberapa orang dapat mengalami gangguan aliran darah sementara ke otak yang dikenal sebagai serangan iskemik transien (TIA) dan tidak menimbulkan gejala jangka panjang.

Banyak faktor yang meningkatkan risiko terjadinya stroke, di antaranya:

  • Memiliki tekanan darah tinggi
  • Perokok aktif maupun pasif
  • Memiliki kolesterol tinggi
  • Diabetes
  • Sleep apnea
  • Memiliki penyakit kardiovaskular seperti gagal jantung atau gangguan irama jantung
  • Obesitas
  • Kurang aktivitas fisik
  • Memiliki kebiasaan minum alkohol
  • Menggunakan narkoba

Jika Anda memiliki faktor risiko stroke seperti di atas maka sebaiknya segera konsultasikan ke dokter untuk mencegah stroke. Dokter akan merekomendasikan penanganan yang sesuai dengan kondisi Anda. Anda juga dapat memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi pada aplikasi AI Care untuk menjaga kesehatan Anda. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 18 April 2024 | 09:52

McDermott, A. (2019). First Aid for Stroke. https://www.healthline.com/health/stroke/stroke-first-aid#

Lonard, J. (2023). What should you do if someone has a stroke?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319007

Penn MEdicine. (2022). If Someone is Having a Stroke: 3 Things To Do and 3 Things Not To Do. Available from: https://www.pennmedicine.org/updates/blogs/neuroscience-blog/2022/march/what-to-do-if-someone-is-having-a-stroke

Mayo Clinic. Stroke: First Aid. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-stroke/basics/art-20056602

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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