Stroke di Usia Muda Semakin Marak, Apa Penyebabnya?

Stroke di Usia Muda Semakin Marak, Apa Penyebabnya?
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Stroke biasanya dialami oleh kelompok usia lansia atau 45 tahun ke atas. Namun belakangan ini kasus stroke di usia muda juga banyak dijumpai di masyarakat. Apa sebenarnya penyebab stroke di usia muda?

 

Penyebab Stroke di Usia Muda

Stroke terjadi ketika pasokan darah ke otak terganggu akibat adanya penyumbatan atau pecahnya pembuluh darah. Akibatnya, jaringan otak tidak mendapat suplai oksigen dan nutrisi sehingga sel-sel otak akan mati dalam hitungan menit.

Stroke umumnya terjadi pada orang dewasa di atas usia 45 tahun. Namun dilansir dari Everyday Health, stroke pada usia yang lebih muda juga mungkin terjadi. Menurut sebuah penelitian yang diterbitkan di November 2019 pada jurnal Stroke menyebutkan bahwa selama 2010-2016, kasus stroke di usia muda meningkat hingga 3 kali lipat dibandingkan stroke pada usia lansia. Hal ini tentunya perlu menjadi perhatian para kelompok usia muda untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan terhadap risiko stroke.

Para ahli berpendapat stroke di usia muda sedikit berbeda dengan stroke di usia lansia. Selain adanya faktor risiko tradisional seperti hipertensi dan gaya hidup tidak sehat, stroke di usia muda juga dipengaruhi faktor risiko lainnya yang sering kali tidak disadari. Dilansir Cleveland Clinic, berikut ini beberapa hal yang dapat menyebabkan stroke di usia muda:

  • Arterial dissection, yaitu robekan di pembuluh darah yang dapat terjadi secara spontan atau karena trauma akibat olahraga atau cedera. Jika lapisan permukaan pembuluh darah yang tipis robek, darah bisa masuk ke dinding pembuluh darah dan menyebabkan penyempitan. Kondisi ini dapat mejadi penyebab stroke di usia muda.
  • Penyakit jantung bawaan, orang yang memiliki kelainan bentuk jantung dapat menyebabkan irama jantung tidak teratur sehingga meningkatkan risiko stroke.
  • Gangguan pembekuan darah, yaitu ketika trombosit atau sel darah merah cenderung lebih mudah menggumpal juga dapat meningkatkan risiko stroke. Dalam kasus ini stroke bisa jadi indikasi awal seseorang mengalami gangguan pembekuan darah.
  • Penyakit sel sabit, yaitu penyumbatan arteri yang terjadi akibat adanya sel sabit yang cacat. Kondisi ini dapat meningkatkan risiko stroke secara signifikan daripada seseorang tanpa penyakit sel sabit.
  • Konsumsi obat-obatan terlarang, penggunaan obat-obatan terlarang seperti kokain dapat menyempitkan pembuluh darah dan meningkatkan risiko pembekuan darah yang memicu stroke.

 

Pencegahan Stroke di Usia Muda

Memiliki penyakit atau kondisi bawaan dapat meningkatkan risiko terkena stroke. Namun, bukan berarti stroke di usia muda tidak dapat dicegah. Secara umum, pencegahan stroke di usia muda dapat dlakukan dengan menerapkan gaya hidup sehat, yaitu:

1. Menjaga pola makan sehat. Hal ini termasuk mengonsumsi makanan sehat, mengurangi makanan olahan dan menggurangi minuman tinggi gula. Makanan yang mengandung lemak, garam dan gula tinggi dapat meningkatkan risiko obesitas, kolesterol tinggi, hipertensi dan diabetes yang dapat memicu stroke. Untuk itu, dianjurkan memperbanyak konsumsi sayuran dan buah-buahan untuk membantu melancarkan aliran darah.

2. Tidak merokok dan minum-minuman keras. Kebiasaan merokok dan minum minuman beralkohol dapat meningkatkan risiko tekanan darah tinggi dan irama jantung yang tidak teratur. Sedangkan merokok, bukan hanya meningkatkan risiko stroke namun juga penyakit serius lainnya seperti kanker paru atau penyakit jantung.

3. Rutin berolahraga. Lakukan olahraga minimal 30 menit per hari selama 5 hari per minggu. Berolahraga secara teratur dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan menjaga tekanan darah agar tetap stabil.

4. Memonitor kondisi penyakit bawaan. Jika Anda memiliki kondisi penyakit bawaan seperti kelainan jantung dan pembuluh darah maka sebaiknya lakukan pemeriksaan untuk memantau perkembangan kondisi kesehatan Anda.

5. Melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin. Dengan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin, dokter dapat memantau tekanan darah, kadar kolesterol, berat badan dan kondisi kesehatan lainnya yang dapat meningkatkan risiko stroke.



Angka kasus stroke di usia muda belakangan terus meningkat. Selain disebabkan oleh gaya hidup yang tidak sehat, stroke pada usia muda umumnya disebabkan oleh adanya kondisi pemicu lainnya yang terkadang tidak disadari. Apabila Anda memiliki faktor risiko mengalami stroke maka sebaiknya konsultasikan dengan dokter mengenai upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk mencegah stroke.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 04:41

Sullivan, K. (2022). What Young People Should Know About Stroke. Available from: https://www.everydayhealth.com/news/think-youre-too-young-stroke/

Cleveland Clinic. (2019). Why Are Strokes on the Rise in Younger People. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/why-are-strokes-on-the-rise-in-younger-people/

Phillips, Q. (2022). What Is a Stroke? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Available from: https://www.everydayhealth.com/stroke/guide/

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2017). Germas Cegah Stroke. Available from: http://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/artikel-sehat/germas-cegah-stroke

Smajlović D. (2015). Strokes in young adults: epidemiology and prevention. Vascular health and risk management11, 157–164. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S53203

Sutter Health. Stroke Before Age 45. Available from: https://www.sutterhealth.org/health/heart/stroke-before-age-forty-five

 

 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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