Cara Menurunkan Risiko Keracunan Makanan

Cara Menurunkan Risiko Keracunan Makanan
Ilustrasi memasak makanan. Credits: Freepik.

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Keracunan makanan bisa dialami ketika Anda makan atau minum makanan yang telah terkontaminasi bakteri, virus, parasit atau zat kimia berbahaya. Tahap kontaminasi bisa terjadi kapan saja, mulai dari pengolahan, penyimpanan maupun pengemasan.

Keracunan makanan dapat menyebabkan berbagai gejala yang tidak hanya tidak nyaman, tetapi juga berpotensi mengancam nyawa. Gejalanya meliputi mual, muntah, diare, perut kembung, sakit perut. Dalam kasus yang lebih parah, Anda juga mungkin mengalami demam, dehidrasi, lemas, pusing, bahkan syok. Meskipun jarang, beberapa kasus keracunan makanan dapat mengakibatkan kematian khususnya pada kelompok rentan seperti ibu hamil, bayi maupun lansia.

 

Cara Menurunkan Risiko Keracunan Makanan

Ada beberapa langkah penting untuk menurunkan risiko keracunan makanan, di antaranya:

Mempraktikkan kebersihan yang baik

Praktik kebersihan yang baik adalah langkah penting dan utama dalam mencegah kontaminasi makanan dan risiko keracunan. Mencuci tangan dengan benar adalah salah satu tindakan paling efektif untuk menghindari penyebaran bakteri dan patogen.

Gosok seluruh bagian tangan setidaknya 20 detik dengan sabun dan bilas dengan air bersih sampai sabun benar-benar hilang. Keringkan tangan dengan handuk bersih.

Anda wajib mencuci tangan khususnya saat menyiapkan daging mentah atau unggas agar terhindar dari penyebaran bakteri dari produk-produk tersebut ke permukaan atau makanan lain.

Hindari mencuci daging dan unggas mentah

Bakteri dari daging atau unggas mentah bisa saja menyebar ke permukaan lain, peralatan memasak, tangan, atau makanan lainnya. Oleh karena itu, mencuci daging atau unggas mentah di bawah air tidak akan membunuh bakteri. Percikan air yang berterbangan ke permukaan benda di sekitar malah bisa meningkatkan risiko kontaminasi dan penyebaran mikroorganisme.

Baca Juga: Jenis Bakteri yang Paling Sering Menyebabkan Keracunan Makanan

Menghindari kontaminasi silang

Kontaminasi silang dapat terjadi saat bakteri atau mikroorganisme dari salah satu jenis makanan menyebar ke makanan lain melalui peralatan memasak, permukaan atau tangan yang tidak bersih. Untuk menghindarinya, gunakan talenan, pisau, atau peralatan memasak terpisah untuk daging mentah, unggas, dan makanan yang sudah siap dimasak atau disajikan.

Periksa tanggal kedaluwarsa

Beberapa jenis makanan mencantumkan tanggal produksi atau tanggal kedaluwarsa. Tanggal batas penggunaan makanan ini menjadi petunjuk penting kapan makanan dianggap aman untuk dikonsumsi dan kualitasnya masih terjaga.

Jangan mengabaikan tanggal batas konsumsi untuk menurunkan risiko keracunan makanan atau infeksi.

Memasak daging hingga matang

Memasak daging dengan suhu yang tepat dapat membantu membunuh bakteri dan patogen yang mungkin terkandung di dalam daging. Cara ini juga dapat membantu menghindari risiko penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme berbahaya.

Baca Juga: Selain Mencegah Keracunan, Inilah Manfaat Zat Karbon Aktif

Mencuci produk segar

Anda perlu mencuci sayuran berdaun hijau, sayuran lainnya, dan buah-buahan untuk menghilangkan kotoran, bakteri, pestisida dan kontaminan lain yang mungkin menempel di permukaan makanan. Bilas sayur dan buah-buahan di bawah air mengalir atau rendam dengan menggunakan air dan garam.

Beberapa sayuran dan buah-buahan memiliki kulit luar yang mungkin terkontaminasi. Sebaiknya juga kupas kulit sayur atau buah-buahan agar kotoran dan sisa pestisida bisa dihilangkan.

Menyimpan di suhu aman

Rentang suhu antara 5-60 derajat Celsius dikenal sebagai zona bahaya di mana bakteri bisa berkembang biak dengan cepat. Hindari meninggalkan makanan pada suhu kamar dan jaga makanan tetap segar di dalam lemari es atau freezer untuk mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri.

Setelah makanan dimasak atau disajikan, segera simpan sisa makanan di dalam lemari es jika Anda tidak akan langsung mengonsumsinya. Pastikan makanan yang disimpan dalam lemari es atau freezer dibungkus dengan rapat atau ditempatkan dalam wadah kedap udara untuk mencegah kontaminasi silang.

 

Segera periksakan diri ke dokter bila setelah makan makanan tertentu Anda mengalami demam di atas 39 derajat, mual dan muntah terus-menerus, diare lebih dari tiga hari, menunjukkan tanda-tanda dehidrasi seperti haus berlebihan, mulut kering, lemah, pusing, atau buang air kecil terlalu sedikit.

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store untuk keluhan kesehatan lainnya.

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 24 Agustus 2023 | 04:33

Daniel Preiato, RD, CSCS (2020). Is It Safe to Eat Raw Meat?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/eating-raw-meat#risks 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Food poisoning. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20356230 

Better Health Channel. Food poisoning - prevention. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/food-poisoning-prevention 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Food Poisoning. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21167-food-poisoning 

Minnessotta Department of Health (2022). Keep Your Food at the Appropriate Temperatures. Available from: https://www.health.state.mn.us/people/foodsafety/cook/temperature.html 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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