Psikolog dan Psikiater Tidak Sama, Ini Bedanya

Psikolog dan Psikiater Tidak Sama, Ini Bedanya
Ilustrasi psikolog/psikiater. | Credit: Freepik

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Ketika memiliki masalah kesehatan mental, Anda dianjurkan untuk memeriksakan diri ke psikolog atau psikiater. Namun terkadang masih banyak orang sulit membedakan kedua profesi tersebut. Apa saja perbedaan psikolog dan psikiater? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Perbedaan Psikolog dan Psikiater

Baik psikolog dan psikiater sama-sama mendalami masalah psikologis. Namun dalam menangani masalah kejiwaan, keduanya memiliki lingkup penanganan penyakit yang berbeda. Berikut ini perbedaan singkat mengenai psikolog dan psikiater.

 

Latar belakang pendidikan

Salah satu perbedaan paling utama antara psikolog dan psikiater adalah latar belakang pendidikan. Di Indonesia, seorang psikolog adalah lulusan dari program sarjana Psikologi (S.Psi) yang kemudian melanjutkan pendidikan profesi psikologi. Setelah menjalani pendidikan, sarjana psikolog perlu mengikuti ujian yang diselenggarakan oleh perguruan tinggi yang bekerja sama dengan Himpunan Psikologi Indonesia (HIMPSI).

Lulusan program ujian ini akan mendapatkan gelar dan Sertifikat profesi Psikolog (SPP) dari perguruan tinggi, Surat Tanda Register (STR) sebagai psikolog di masing-masing tingkatan Induk Organisasi Profesi HIMPSI dan Surat Ijin Layanan Psikologi (SILP). Seorang psikolog kemudian bisa meneruskan pendidikan ke program spesialis dan subspesialis sesuai dengan program studi yang tersedia di perguruan tinggi. 

Sementara itu psikiater adalah dokter yang merupakan lulusan dari program sarjana Kedokteran lalu melanjutkan pendidikan spesialis kejiwaan. Lulusan program pendidikan spesialis kejiwaan akan mendapat gelar Sp.KJ dan dapat melanjutkan pendidikan subspesialis untuk mendapatkan pendalaman ilmu dan keterampilan sesuai program studi yang tersedia di perguruan tinggi. 

Baca Juga: Kenali Terapi Perilaku Kognitif, Terapi untuk Berbagai Masalah Psikologis

 

Disiplin ilmu

Baik psikolog maupun psikiater memiliki pemahaman mengenai kesehatan mental dan sudah menjalani pelatihan klinis dalam mendiagnosis dan merawat individu dengan masalah kesehatan mental. Keduanya juga memiliki lisensi untuk bisa memberikan perawatan.

Namun, pelatihan yang mereka jalani, orientasi teori dan sarana dalam pengobatan yang mereka berikan berbeda. Psikolog memiliki gelar dalam bidang psikologi sementara psikiater mempelajari bidang ilmu kedokteran. Mereka dilatih untuk mengenali proses biologis dan suatu patologi penyakit yang bisa memengaruhi fungsi mental seseorang dan sebaliknya.

Sementara itu, seorang psikolog umumnya mempelajari faktor sosial dan kognitif seperti hubungan mereka, yang memengaruhi tindakan dan reaksi seseorang dan bagaimana hal tersebut menimbulkan gejala gangguan mental dan mengganggu kehidupan sehari-hari.

 

Kewenangan meresepkan obat

Salah satu perbedaan mendasar antara psikolog dan psikiater adalah pada kewenangan meresepkan obat. Pada psikolog, layanan pengobatan yang bisa diberikan adalah konsultasi dan terapi psikologis, namun tidak dapat meresepkan obat. Sementara itu psikiater yang merupakan lulusan program pendidikan dokter memiliki kewenangan untuk meresepkan obat.

Umumnya jika berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan psikolog merasa pasien yang ditangani membutuhkan obat-obatan, psikolog dapat merujuk pengobatan pada seorang psikiater.

Baca Juga: 3 Masalah Kesehatan Mental yang Rentan Dialami Lansia

 

Ruang lingkup praktik

Seorang psikolog dapat bekerja dalam ruang lingkup yang lebih kecil seperti klinik swasta atau rumah sakit besar, perusahaan atau perguruan tinggi dan bidang akademis lainnya, tergantung peminatan profesi yang diambil. Peminatan yang saat ini tersedia di Indonesia antara lain Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi, Psikologi Klinis Anak, Psikologi Klinis Dewasa dan Psikologi Pendidikan. Masing-masing peminatan memiliki kekhasan masing-masing dalam penerapan ilmu psikologis.

Sementara itu psikiater umumnya bekerja di rumah sakit umum atau rumah sakit besar karena pasien psikiater cenderung memerlukan perawatan dari dokter spesialis lainnya. Dengan membuka praktik di rumah sakit besar dapat memudahkan akses pengobatan bagi pasien.

 

Kapan Perlu ke Psikolog atau Psikiater?

Apabila Anda mengalami gejala gangguan mental seperti depresi atau gangguan kecemasan dan membutuhkan layanan kesehatan mental, Anda bisa berkonsultasi ke dokter umum terlebih dahulu. Dokter umum akan melakukan pemeriksaan kemudian memberi diagnosis awal dan akan merujuk Anda ke psikiater.

Jika Anda mengalami gejala yang berulang kali muncul dan pengobatan yang diberikan tidak efektif untuk mengatasi gejala yang dialami maka sebaiknya periksakan ke psikiater.

Sedangkan psikologis umumnya menangani masalah yang berkaitan dengan masalah perilaku seperti kecanduan, fobia, gangguan emosi, depresi hingga gangguan kecemasan. Psikolog dapat merekomendasikan pengobatan seperti terapi perilaku kognitif. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 18 April 2024 | 09:44

Chamlou, N. (2023). The Differences Between Psychology and Psychiatry. Available from: https://www.psychology.org/resources/differences-between-psychology-and-psychiatry/

Health Direct. Psychiatrists and psychologists. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/psychiatrists-and-psychologists

Marano, H. (2023). The Difference Between a Psychologist and a Psychiatrist. Available from: https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/therapy/the-difference-between-a-psychologist-and-a-psychiatrist

Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 23 Tahun 2022 tentang Pendidikan dan Layanan Psikologi. Available from: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/218816/uu-no-23-tahun-2022

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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