3 Masalah Kesehatan Mental yang Rentan Dialami Lansia

3 Masalah Kesehatan Mental yang Rentan Dialami Lansia
Ilustrasi masalah kesehatan mental lansia. Credit: Freepik

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Gangguan mental bukan hanya dapat dialami orang-orang yang berusia muda dan dewasa, namun juga oleh lansia. Adanya gangguan mental pada lansia dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia sehari-hari. Apa saja gangguan mental yang rentan dialami lansia? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Masalah Kesehatan Mental pada Lansia

Kesehatan seseorang dapat menurun seiring bertambahnya usia. Penurunan kemampuan fisik dapat ditandai dengan melemahnya anggota tubuh sehingga sulit untuk melakukan sesuatu secara mandiri. Menurunnya kemampuan penglihatan atau pendengaran, atau mulai sulit untuk beraktivitas seperti biasa adalah sebagian kecil kondisi yang dapat memengaruhi kesehatan mental seseorang.

Tidak hanya itu, seiring peningkatan usia, banyak perubahan yang terjadi dalam kehidupan seperti pensiun, kehilangan teman dan orang yang disayangi, memiliki kondisi medis juga dapat membuat lansia rentan memiliki masalah kesehatan mental.

Sayangnya masalah kesehatan mental sering kali terjadi tanpa tidak disadari. Para lansia sering kali tidak menyadari telah mengalami masalah mental, begitu juga dengan orang-orang di sekitar para lansia. Banyak yang menganggap bahwa perubahan sikap atau gejala masalah kesehatan mental yang muncul pada lansia merupakan proses alamiah sehingga tidak dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan khusus.

Berikut ini beberapa masalah kesehatan mental yang sering dialami para lansia:

 

Depresi

Depresi pada lansia berbeda dengan depresi pada kelompok usia lebih muda. Pada lansia, depresi sering diikuti dengan penyakit kronis atau disabilitas dan dapat berlangsung lebih lama. Depresi yang dialami lansia juga meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penyakit jantung atau kematian akibat sakit. Di sisi lain, depresi juga menyebabkan seseorang semakin sulit untuk pulih.

Gejala depresi pada lansia tidak jauh berbeda dengan gejala depresi pada kelompok usia lebih muda yaitu:

  • Mudah merasa capek
  • Sulit tidur
  • Mudah marah
  • Sering kebingungan
  • Sulit untuk fokus
  • Tidak nafsu makan
  • Merasa bersalah, tidak punya harapan dan tidak berharga
  • Berpikiran untuk bunuh diri

Apabila lansia di rumah Anda menunjukkan perubahan sikap seperti di atas, sudah berlangsung selama minimal 6 bulan dan terlihat memengaruhi dirinya serta orang-orang di sekitarnya, sebaiknya konsultasikan kondisinya pada psikiater, psikolog, atau dokter geriatri.

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda jika Wanita Mengalami Depresi

 

Demensia

Demensia sendiri adalah istilah untuk menyebut suatu kumpulan gejala penurunan keadaan fungsi kognitif seseorang. Pada demensia, seseorang dapat mengalami penurunan dalam hal berikut:

  • Daya ingat
  • Pemikiran
  • Kemampuan bahasa
  • Koordinasi
  • Suasana hati
  • Perilaku
  • Pembuatan keputusan

Pasien demensia mengalami penurunan fungsi di atas yang berlangsung lama dan akan terus memburuk seiring waktu. Gejala awal demensia dapat ditandai dengan mudah lupa akan informasi tertentu, lupa meletakkan barang, mengulang komentar atau pertanyaan, tidak ingat waktu (jam, hari, bulan, tahun), sulit merangkai kata, perubahan suasana hati, perilaku dan minat.

Demensia yang semakin parah dapat ditandai dengan menurunnya kemampuan untuk mengingat dan membuat keputusan, perubahan pola tidur, sulit melakukan kegiatan harian seperti menyikat gigi, membuat makanan atau minuman di dapur, dan kesulitan bicara.

Baca Juga: Perbedaan Gugup dengan Gangguan Kecemasan

 

Gangguan Kecemasan

Dilansir dari WebMD, gangguan kecemasan dapat dialami 10-20% kelompok lansia. Beberapa gangguan kecemasan yang dialami kelompok lansia antara lain Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), fobia, gangguan panik, gangguan obsesif-kompulsif (OCD) dan gangguan stres pasca trauma (PTSD).

Beberapa gejala gangguan kecemasan yang bisa dialami lansia antara lain:

  • Perasaan gemetar dan panik
  • Kesulitan bernapas, berkeringat, dan mual
  • Pusing
  • Masalah pencernaan dan nyeri dada
  • Sakit kepala dan kebingungan
  • Ketegangan otot, nyeri, dan kelelahan
  • Mudah marah, mudah lupa
  • Menghindari aktivitas, tempat, orang, dan pikiran yang memicu rasa cemas
  • Perubahan berat badan, nafsu makan, atau kebiasaan makan
  • Sulit tidur
  • Tidak ingin keluar rumah, menarik diri, dan mengisolasi diri
  • Pikiran obsesif dan perilaku kompulsif

Masalah kesehatan mental yang dialami lansia yang tidak ditangani dengan tepat dapat memicu masalah kesehatan mental semakin parah. Jika lansia di rumah Anda menunjukkan masalah kesehatan mental maka sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter. Anda juga dapat memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang dapat diunduh di ponsel. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 2 Oktober 2023 | 09:28

WebMD Editorial Contributors. (2021).What to Know About Mental Health in Older Adults. Available from:  https://www.webmd.com/healthy-aging/mental-health-in-older-adults

Health Direct. Older People and Mental Health. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/older-people-and-mental-health

Medline Plus. Older Adult Mental Health. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html

Mental Health Foundation. Mental Health in Later Life. Available from: https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/explore-mental-health/a-z-topics/mental-health-later-life

Cleveland Clinic. Dementia. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9170-dementia

Bruce, F. (2022). Depression on Older People. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/depression/depression-elderly

Krians, B. (2018). Geriatric Depression (Depression in Older Adults).Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/elderly

Cechini, C. (2023). How is Anxiety Different in Older Adults? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options. Available from: https://www.goodrx.com/conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/anxiety-in-older-adults

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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