Perbedaan Lemak Trans dan Lemak Jenuh

Perbedaan Lemak Trans dan Lemak Jenuh
Ilustrasi perbandingan makanan berlemak. Credit: Freepik

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Anda mungkin sering mendengar berbagai jenis lemak seperti lemak jenuh, lemak tak jenuh, dan lemak trans. Mengonsumsi makanan tinggi lemak trans dan lemak jenuh dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit kronis. Mengenali perbedaan jenis-jenis lemak dapat membantu mengendalikan pola makan sehingga mencegah terjadinya risiko berbagai penyakit kronis.

 

Perbedaan Lemak Trans dan Lemak Jenuh

Secara umum lemak trans dan lemak jenuh dapat dibedakan berdasarkan fungsi, sumber perolehan, serta risikonya. Berikut perbedaannya. 

Lemak Jenuh (Saturated Fat)

Lemak jenuh adalah jenis lemak yang cenderung tetap padat pada suhu ruangan. Jenis lemak ini dapat menyebabkan timbunan lemak di pembuluh darah dan berisiko menyebabkan penyumbatan dan pengerasan pembuluh darah (aterosklerosis).

Umumnya sebagain besar lemak jenuh berasal dari sumber hewani seperti:

  • Daging hewani, seperti daging sapi, unggas, atau babi
  • Minyak nabati tertentu, seperti minyak inti sawit atau minyak kelapa
  • Produk susu, seperti keju, mentega, susu, es krim, krim asam, dan krim keju
  • Daging olahan termasuk sosis, hot dog, dan bacon
  • Makanan olahan dan makanan penutup, termasuk di antaranya kerupuk, keripik, kue, dan kue kering

Lemak jenuh memiliki peran penting dalam tubuh, termasuk mendukung beberapa fungsi membran sel. Namun, konsumsi lemak jenuh yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kadar kolesterol dalam darah. Selain itu, hal ini juga dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan kolesterol jahat, atau low-density lipoprotein (LDL), yang berisiko bagi kesehatan jantung.

Peningkatan kolesterol jahat juga sering dikaitkan dengan penumpukan plak di pembuluh darah. Jika kondisi ini dibiarkan dapat menyumbat aliran darah dari jantung ke otak dan berisiko menyebabkan stroke.

Baca Juga: Perbedaan Lemak Jenuh Vs Lemak Tak Jenuh

Lemak Trans (Trans Fat)

Lemak trans, atau asam lemak trans, adalah bentuk lemak tak jenuh (unsaturated fat). Lemak ini tersedia dalam bentuk alami dan buatan. Lemak trans alami terdapat dalam daging dan susu dari hewan ruminansia seperti sapi, domba, dan kambing. Lemak jenis ini terbentuk secara alami ketika bakteri di perut hewan ini mencerna rumput. Mengonsumsi lemak ini dianggap tidak berbahaya, asalkan dalam jumlah yang wajar dan tidak berlebihan. 

Sementara itu, lemak trans buatan atau yang dikenal sebagai lemak trans industrial dianggap sebagai lemak yang lebih berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Lemak trans buatan berasal dari penambahan hidrogen pada minyak sayur sehingga membuatnya lebih padat. Jenis lemak ini banyak digunakan pada makanan olahan. 

Lemak trans buatan atau lemak terhidrogenasi parsial dapat dijumpai dalam beberapa makanan, di antaranya:

  • Popcorn microwave
  • Makanan beku
  • Fast food
  • Makanan olahan seperti biskuit
  • Makanan yang digoreng, termasuk kentang goreng, donat, dan ayam goreng
  • Margarin batangan

Lemak trans buatan dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung. Orang yang mengonsumsi lemak trans sebagai pengganti lemak lain dapat mengalami peningkatan signifikan kolesterol jahat (LDL) dan penurunan kolesterol baik (HDL).

Sebaliknya, orang yang mengonsumsi lemak trans makanan alami dapat mengalami peningkatan kolesterol baik dan kolesterol jahat namun tidak meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. 

Baca Juga: Kemana Perginya Lemak Ketika Berhasil Menurunkan Berat Badan?

 

Tips Mengonsumsi Lemak Sehat

Tidak semua jenis lemak setara, beberapa jenis lemak yang dikonsumsi berlebihan dapat menyebabkan risiko penyakit kronis. Untuk menjaga kesehatan, sebaiknya batasi konsumsi lemak jenuh atau lemak trans dan perbanyak konsumsi lemak sehat seperti buah-buahan, kacang-kacangan, dan biji-bijian. 

Beberapa jenis makanan yang mengandung lemak sehat di antaranya:

  • Alpukat
  • Kelapa
  • Kacang-kacangan, termasuk selai dan minyak kacang
  • Biji-bijian seperti biji labu, biji rami, dan biji bunga matahari
  • Unggas
  • Ikan salmon dan ikan tuna
  • Minyak nabati seperti minyak zaitun, kanola, dan wijen
  • Kacang kenari

 

Memilih jenis lemak yang Anda konsumsi dapat memengaruhi kadar kolesterol dalam darah dan risiko terkena penyakit kronis. Jika memiliki pertanyaan seputar kesehatan, Anda bisa berkonsultasi ke dokter atau ahli gizi. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 22 Oktober 2024 | 12:40

Madell, R., Nall, R. (2023). Good Fats, Bad Fats, and Heart Disease. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/good-fats-vs-bad-fats

Mayo Clinic. Dietary fat: Know which to choose. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fat/art-20045550

Moll, J. (2024). Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/difference-between-saturated-fats-and-unsaturated-fats-697517

Kubala, J. (2023). Is Saturated Fat Unhealthy?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/saturated-fat

Leech, J. (2023). What Are Trans Fats, and Are They Bad for You?. Available froom: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/why-trans-fats-are-bad

The Nutrition Source. Types of Fat. Available from: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/fats-and-cholesterol/types-of-fat/

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4187 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4187
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3438 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3438
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.12msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1511 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1511
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 919 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 919
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new960μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 3 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 3
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4703 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4703
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8885 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8885
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 795 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 795
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.39msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 3 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 3
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9835 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9835
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9668 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9668
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.39msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6820 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6820
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7028 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7028
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new1.09msselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.39msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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