Waspada Risiko Virus Nipah, Begini Cara Penularannya

Waspada Risiko Virus Nipah, Begini Cara Penularannya
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Virus Nipah yang saat ini sedang ramai dibicarakan bukanlah jenis virus baru. Virus ini pertama kali diidentifikasi berdasarkan laporan wabah di sebuah desa di Sungai Nipah, Malaysia tahun 1989-1999.

Virus Nipah termasuk penyakit zoonosis, yang berarti dapat ditularkan dari hewan ke hewan maupun hewan ke manusia. Infeksi virus Nipah dapat menyebabkan pembengkakan otak dengan gejala ringan hingga berat, bahkan kematian. Ketahui bagaimana virus Nipah bisa menyebar dari hewan ke manusia agar Anda bisa menghindari dan mencegahnya.

 

Cara Penularan Virus Nipah

Kelelawar buah dari genus Pteropus diketahui sebagai inang alami virus Nipah. Virus terdapat dalam urine kelelawar dan juga mungkin terdapat di kotoran, air liur serta cairan tubuh lainnya. Hewan ternak seperti babi dan lainnya mungkin terinfeksi akibat paparan urine dan kotoran kelelawar melalui makanan mereka.

Saat virus menular ke hewan ternak, segera virus akan menyebar pada hewan ternak lain dan juga menempel di pakaian, peralatan sepatu, kendaraan manusia. Dari sinilah kemudian virus Nipah menyebar dari orang ke orang melalui beberapa cara berikut:

  • Kontak langsung dengan hewan yang terinfeksi
  • Mengonsumsi produk yang telah terkontaminasi hewan yang terinfeksi, baik buah-buahan segar, nira sawit maupun daging mentah
  • Melakukan kontak langsung dengan orang yang terinfeksi, di mana virus bisa menular melalui cairan tubuh seperti ingus, droplets, urine dan darah

Perlu diketahui bahwa selain kelelawar buah, virus Nipah juga bisa menginfeksi beberapa hewan lain seperti babi, kuda, kambing,, domba, kucing, dan anjing. Virus ini sangat menular ketika sudah menginfeksi babi. Waktu infeksius dan masa inkubasinya bisa berlangsung selama 4-14 hari lamanya.

 

Baca Juga: Rabies Hingga Infeksi Coronavirus, Kenali 6 Jenis Penyakit Zoonosis yang Ditularkan dari Hewan ke Manusia

 

Mencegah Penularan Penyakit Virus Nipah

Pencegahan penularan virus Nipah menjadi upaya penting untuk mengurangi risiko penularan penyakit virus Nipah. Berikut adalah beberapa langkah yang bisa ditempuh:

 

Tidak mengonsumsi nira aren langsung dari pohonnya

Karena kelelawar buah adalah inang alami virus Nipah dan mereka mungkin mengontaminasi nira aren lewat cairannya, maka sebaiknya masak nira aren terlebih dahulu sebelum dikonsumsi untuk membunuh virus yang terkontaminasi.

 

Mencuci dan mengupas buah sebelum dikonsumsi

Sama seperti nira aren yang berpotensi terpapar virus Nipah melalui cairan kelelawar, Anda juga perlu mencuci dan mengupas buah segar sebelum memakannya. Buah-buahan juga mungkin terkena air liur atau cairan kelelawar buah. Jangan langsung memakan buah tanpa dicuci terlebih dahulu.

 

Buang buah yang sudah digigit kelelawar

Buah yang memiliki tanda-tanda kerusakan atau gigitan kelelawar harus dibuang untuk mengurangi risiko penyakit virus Nipah. Selalu pastikan keamanan kesehatan dengan memeriksa kembali buah-buahan yang hendak dimakan khususnya jika Anda tinggal di daerah dengan populasi kelelawar yang tinggi.

 

Baca Juga: Tips Memilih Sabun Cuci Tangan, Mana yang Terbaik?

 

Menghindari kontak langsung dengan hewan ternak yang terkontaminasi

Virus Nipah bisa menular melalui hewan ternak terutama babi. Untuk mencegah penularannya, maka Anda perlu menghindari kontak langsung dengan hewan ternak yang kemungkinan terinfeksi virus Nipah, mengenakan alat pelindung diri saat memberi makan, mengisolasi hewan ternak yang sakit, memastikan kandang tempat tinggal hewan ternak bersih dan mendesinfeksi area tersebut secara rutin.

Bila hewan ternak menunjukkan gejala penyakit yang mencurigakan seperti demam, kejang atau masalah pernapasan, segera laporkan pada petugas kesehatan hewan setempat.

 

Perilaku hidup sehat

Selalu praktikkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dengan mencuci tangan secara teratur, menjalankan etika bersin dan batuk, menghindari sentuhan wajah, menjaga lingkungan bersih dan higienis serta mengenakan masker di tempat dengan penyebaran virus yang tinggi.

Perilaku hidup sehat di atas tidak hanya melindungi Anda dari virus Nipah namun juga berbagai penyakit menular lainnya. Manfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan terkait gejala dan kondisi kesehatan yang Anda alami dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

CDC (2022). Nipah Virus (NiV). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/nipah/index.html 

Gerald Bagus Aprilianto Caloh (2021). Penyakit Virus Nipah. Available from: https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/penyakit-virus/penyakit-virus-nipah 

World Organisation for Animal Health. Nipah Virus. Available from: https://www.woah.org/en/disease/nipah-virus/ 

John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (2019). How Nipah Virus Spreads From Person to Person. Available from: https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2019/how-nipah-virus-spreads-from-person-to-person 

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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new4.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10132 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new860μsselect * from `term_policies`
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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