Serba Serbi Obat Empagliflozin untuk Diabetes Tipe 2

Serba Serbi Obat Empagliflozin untuk Diabetes Tipe 2
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Diabetes tipe 2 termasuk penyakit kronis yang tidak memiliki obat untuk menyembuhkan sepenuhnya. Namun, pengobatan dan manajemen yang tepat dapat membantu mengontrol kadar gula darah dan mencegah komplikasi jangka panjang.

Salah satu jenis obat yang digunakan untuk mengelola diabetes tipe 2 adalah inhibitor SGLT-2 seperti empagliflozin. Seperti apakah cara kerja dan penggunaan obat ini?

 

Apa itu empagliflozin dan Cara Kerjanya

Empagliflozin termasuk dalam kelas obat inhibitor SGLT-2. Obat ini bekerja dengan menghambat aksi protein yang disebut SGLT-2. Protein ini berperan dalam reabsorpsi glukosa oleh ginjal. Dengan menghambat SGLT-2, empagliflozin menghalangi ginjal untuk menyerap kembali sebagian besar glukosa yang telah disaring dari darah ke dalam urine.

Selain itu, dengan menghambat penyerapan glukosa oleh ginjal, glukosa juga dapat diekskresikan melalui urine sehingga kadar gula darah bisa turun.

Empagliflozin membantu menurunkan kadar gula darah dengan mekanisme yang berbeda dibandingkan obat diabetes lain seperti metformin atau sulfoniluera. Obat ini menjadi pilihan terapi tambahan dan juga terapi awal dalam mengelola kadar gula darah dalam diabetes tipe 2.

 

Cara Mengonsumsi empagliflozin

Empagliflozin biasanya dikonsumsi secara oral sekali sehari di pagi hari, dengan atau tanpa makanan. Obat ini perlu dikonsumsi pada waktu yang sama setiap hari untuk menjaga konsistensi penggunaan obat.

Dosis empagliflozin pada setiap orang tidak sama. Anda perlu berkonsultasi dengan dokter dan membaca petunjuk pada label resep untuk mengonsumsinya. Anda juga sebaiknya tidak mengubah dosis atau jadwal minum tanpa berkonsultasi terlebih dahulu dengan dokter.

Apabila Anda melewatkan satu dosis, minumlah segera begitu Anda mengingatnya. Namun, apabila Anda baru ingat setelah mendekati dosis berikutnya, tidak perlu menggandakan dosis dan cukup minum dosis sesuai jadwal saja.

Baca Juga: Gejala yang Dirasakan Bila Kadar Gula Darah Tinggi

 

Efek Samping Mengonsumsi Empagliflozin

Beberapa efek samping dilaporkan setelah penggunaan empagliflozin, di antaranya:

Reaksi alergi

Munculnya reaksi alergi seperti ruam kulit, gatal, pembengkakan di wajah, bibir, lidah dan tenggorokan. Munculnya reaksi alergi seperti ini sebaiknya tidak dibiarkan. Anda perlu segera menghubungi dokter jika mengalami reaksi alergi tersebut.

Dehidrasi

Konsumsi empagliflozin memungkinkan munculnya gejala dehidrasi seperti peningkatan rasa haus, mulut kering, sakit kepala, pusing, urine berwarna kuning tua atau kecokelatan dan rasa ingin pingsan.

Ketoasidosis diabetik

Ketoasidosis diabetik adalah kondisi serius yang dapat mengancam jiwa dan biasanya menyerang penderita diabetes. Hal ini terjadi ketika tubuh memecah lemak dengan kecepatan yang terlalu tinggi sehingga menghasilkan produk sampingan yang disebut keton, yang menyebabkan darah menjadi asam.

Ketoasidosis diabetik ditandai dengan peningkatan rasa haus, peningkatan jumlah urine, mulut kering, kelelahan, kesulitan bernapas, bau buah pada napas, sakit perut, mual atau muntah.

Baca Juga: Dermopati Diabetik, Kondisi Kulit yang Sering Dialami Pasien Diabetes

Infeksi jamur genital

Infeksi jamur umum dialami oleh orang yang menggunakan empagliflozin. Kondisi ini ditandai dengan beberapa gejala seperti:

  • Gatal dan iritasi pada vagina dan vulva
  • Sensasi terbakar terutama saat berhubungan intim atau buang air kecil
  • Kemerahan dan pembengkakan pada vulva
  • Nyeri pada vagina
  • Ruam pada vagina
  • Keputihan yang kental dan berbau tak sedap

Perubahan pada kulit

Efek samping lain yang mungkin dialami adalah perubahan pada kulit meliputi nyeri, perubahan warna seperti kemerahan atau kehitaman, adanya luka, bisul atau lecet yang tidak biasa, infeksi kulit terutama pada tungkai dan kaki.

Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK)

ISK juga menjadi salah satu efek samping konsumsi empagliflozin. ISK biasanya ditandai dengan gejala berikut:

  • Nyeri di panggul, perut, atau punggung bawah
  • Tekanan di pinggul bawah
  • Urine keruh dan berbau tidak sedap
  • Mengompol
  • Sering buang air kecil
  • Kesulitan menahan urine
  • Nyeri saat buang air kecil
  • Pada pria, disertai rasa sakit di penis
  • Kelelahan
  • Demam
  • Menggigil
  • Mual dan muntah
  • Kebingungan

Agar terhindar dari efek samping saat mengonsumsi empagliflozin, sebaiknya ikuti petunjuk dokter dan tidak mengubah dosis serta jadwal konsumsi tanpa konsultasi. Amati perubahan dalam tubuh dan segera konsultasikan kembali apabila ada tanda-tanda efek samping yang muncul. Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Cleveland Clinic (2024). Empagliflozin Tablets. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/20359-empagliflozin-tablets 

Medline Plus (2024). Empagliflozin. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a614043.html 

NHS UK (2023). About empagliflozin. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/empagliflozin/about-empagliflozin/ 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Type 2 diabetes. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20351193 

Inderbir S. Padda, et all (2023). Sodium-Glucose Transport Protein 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576405/ 

Medline Plus (2023). Diabetic ketoacidosis. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000320.htm 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Yeast infection (vaginal). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999 

 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Urinary Tract Infections. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9135-urinary-tract-infections 

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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