Photophobia: Penyebab, Gejala, dan Cara Mengatasinya

Photophobia: Penyebab, Gejala, dan Cara Mengatasinya

Daftar Isi

Bagikan :


Photophobia adalah kondisi sensitif terhadap cahaya, di mana sinar cahaya dapat menyakiti mata.

Dilansir Medical News Today, photophobia dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa hal berikut:

Kondisi neurologis

Adalah photophobia yang disebabkan oleh gangguan syaraf seperti misalnya migrain, blepharospasm (mata kedutan), cedera otak, dan meningitis.

Kondisi mata

Penyebab photophobia lain misalnya kondisi mata kering, di mana produksi air mata tidak cukup untuk melubrikasi mata.

Kondisi mata lain yang dapat memicu photophobia antara lain:

Konjungtivitis - peradangan pada konjungtiva, jaringan yang menutupi bagian putih mata

Penyakit kornea - penyakit yang mempengaruhi kondisi kornea, jaringan yang melindungi iris dan pupil

Optic neuritis - peradangan yang terjadi pada syaraf optik

Uveitis - peradangan yang terjadi di dalam mata, dan biasanya berhubungan dengan gangguan autoimmune

Kondisi psikis

Beberapa kondisi psikis dapat memicu terjadinya photophobia, di antaranya:

  • Agrophobia - phobia ketika berada di tengah kerumunan orang banyak atau ketika meninggalkan rumah
  • Depresi
  • Gangguan panik dan kecemasan
  • Kondisi akibat pengobatan

Photophobia juga bisa disebabkan oleh efek samping pengonsumsian obat, di antaranya:

  • Benzodiazepines - misalnya diazepam, obat untuk mengatasi kecemasan
  • Barbiturates - misalnya amobarbital, obat untuk menurunkan tingkat kesadaran sehingga menimbulkan rasa kantuk dan menghilangkan rasa cemas
  • Haloperidol (Haldol) - pengobatan untuk kondisi kesehatan mental
  • Chloroquine (Aralen) - obat antimalaria

Kondisi yang dipicu cahaya

Semakin terang cahaya, semakin membuat tidak nyaman penderita photophobia. Panjang gelombang cahaya biru juga dapat menghasilkan sensitivitas daripada gelombang cahaya lainnya. Selain itu, photophobia juga dapat disebabkan oleh cahaya berkedip-kedip atau pola bergaris.

Bagaimana mengatasi photophobia?

Dilansir Healthline, melakukan konsultasi dengan dokter harus dilakukan saat Anda mengalami gejala photophobia. Dokter akan membantu mencari pemicu dan memilihkan perawatan serta pengobatan terbaik sesuai kondisi Anda.

Pengobatan yang biasa dilakukan untuk mengatasi photophobia di antaranya:

  • Obat oral - untuk mengatasi photophobia yang disebabkan migrain
  • Obat tetes mata - untuk mengatasi photophobia yang disebabkan peradangan scleritis
  • Obat antibiotik - untuk mengatasi photophobia yang disebabkan konjungtivitis
  • Penggunaan air mata palsu - untuk mengatasi photophobia yang disebabkan keluhan sindrom mata kering
  • Tetes mata antibiotik - untuk mengatasi photophobia yang disebabkan abrasi kornea
  • Obat antiradang - untuk mengatasi photophobia yang disebabkan encephalitis
  • Antibiotik - untuk mengatasi photophobia yang disebabkan bakteri meningitis
  • Operasi untuk mengeluarkan darah berlebih akibat tekanan pada otak yang memicu perdarahan subarachnoid

Berikut adalah beberapa hal yang bisa Anda lakukan untuk mencegah photophobia:

  • Hindari pemicu migrain, apabila Anda biasanya mudah mengalami serangan migrain
  • Jaga kesehatan mata dengan tidak berbagi makeup mata, dan membersihkan makeup mata setiap akan tidur
  • Kurangi resiko meningitis dengan kebiasaan mencuci tangan dan dapatkan vaksin untuk mengatasi bakteri meningitis
  • Cegah encephalitis dengan kebiasaan mencuci tangan
  • Dapatkan vaksin encephalitis

 

Writer: Agatha

Edited By: dr. Ayu Munawaroh

Last Updated: 22-Oct-2021

 

Sumber:

  1. Delgado A. What Causes Light Sensitivity? (2019). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/photophobia#causes.
  2. West M. What to know about photophobia (2021). Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/photophobia.

Daftar Isi

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          #12025-04-11 20:21:36GET/penyakit/photophobia-penyebab-gejala-dan-cara-mengatasinya102531