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  • Kenali Perbedaan Thalassemia Mayor, Intermedia dan Minor

Kenali Perbedaan Thalassemia Mayor, Intermedia dan Minor

Kenali Perbedaan Thalassemia Mayor, Intermedia dan Minor
Credit: Freepik. Thalasemia adalah penyakit genetik dimana tubuh tidak bisa menghasilkan hemoglobin secara normal.

Bagikan :


Thalasemia adalah penyakit genetik dimana tubuh tidak bisa menghasilkan hemoglobin secara normal. Dalam Thalasemia dikenal thalasemia minor dan mayor. Apa perbedaan keduanya? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Perbedaan Thalasemia Minor dan Thalasemia Mayor

Pengidap thalasemia umumnya memiliki darah dengan kandungan hemoglobin yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan orang normal. Selain itu, sumsum tulang belakang pada pengidap thalasemia juga menghasilkan sel darah merah sehat yang lebih sedikit. Kondisi ini memicu seseorang mengalami anemia.

Berdasarkan keparahannya, thalasemia dapat dibagi menjadi 3 jenis, yaitu thalasemia minor, thalasemia mayor dan thalasemia intermedia. Berikut perbedaannya:

Thalasemia Mayor

Thalasemia mayor atau yang dikenal juga dengan nama anemia Cooley adalah kondisi thalasemia yang paling parah atau berat. Pada pengidap thalasemia, terdapat rantai alfa dan beta yang terpengaruh oleh kerusakan gen yang mengalami mutasi.

Penyakit ini disebut thalasemia mayor karena banyaknya gen yang mengalami kerusakan dan pasiennya menunjukkan gejala yang berat.

Thalasemia mayor umumnya diketahui sejak bayi. Beberapa gejala yang muncul pada thalasemia mayor di antaranya badan tampak pucat, lemah, lesu, sering akit, disertai perut membuncit. Pengidap thalasemia mayor umumnya membutuhkan transfusi darah terus-menerus selama hidupnya. 

Pada kasus yang parah, pengidap thalasemia juga bisa membutuhkan transplantasi sumsum tulang namun prosedur ini jarang direkomendasikan karena memiliki risiko tinggi. 

Baca Juga: Tips Hidup Sehat Bagi Pengidap Hemofilia

 

Thalasemia Intermedia

Thalasemia intermedia biasanya baru terdiagnosis pada anak yang berusia menjelang remaja. Pada pengidap thalasemia intermedia, pasien juga membutuhkan transfusi darah namun tidak rutin. Artinya, pasien tidak mengalami ketergantungan pada transfusi darah.

Kondisi ini merupakan kondisi antara thalasemia mayor dan minor yang dapat mengakibatkan anemia berat dan masalah lain seperti pembengkakan limpa dan deformalitas tulang.

Baca Juga: Mengenal Jenis Hemofilia A, B dan C Beserta Penanganannya

 

Thalasemia Minor

Thalasemia minor atau trait adalah jenis thalasemia ringan. Kondisi ini dikenal juga dengan istilah thalasemia trait, atau pembawa sifat thalasemia karena sering kali pengidap thalasemia hanya sebagai pembawa sifat dan tidak menunjukkan gejala.

Jika muncul, gejala umumnya sangat ringan dan tidak membutuhkan transfusi darah. Biasanya dokter hanya meresepkan suplemen vitamin B12 atau asam folat dan meminta pasien untuk beristirahat.

Beberapa gejala yang dapat dialami thalasemia minor biasanya mirip dengan anemia, yaitu badan mudah lelah dan kulit terlihat pucat. Hal ini disebabkan oleh hemoglobin dalam sel darah merah tidak rusak terlalu banyak sehingga persebaran darah dalam tubuh masih terbilang normal dan dapat berfungsi dengan baik.

 

Bisakah Thalasemia Disembuhkan?

Thalasemia adalah penyakit kerusakan genetik yang tidak bisa disembuhkan. Seseorang bisa mengalami penyakit ini jika salah satu atau kedua orang tuanya merupakan pembawa gen thalasemia.

Kondisi ini akan berlangsung seumur hidup pasien. Namun dengan perawatan yang tepat, thalasemia dapat dikendalikan sehingga pengidap thalasemia dapat beraktivitas dengan normal.

Beberapa perawatan untuk pasien thalasemia antara lain: 

  • Transfusi darah
  • Obat-obatan untuk membuang kelebihan zat besi
  • Transplantasi sumsum tulang belakang

Selain itu, pengidap thalasemia juga dianjurkan untuk menerapkan gaya hidup sehat seperti menghindari makanan, minuman dan suplemen tinggi zat besi, mengonsumsi makanan kaya vitamin D dan kalsium serta menjaga kesehatan secara keseluruhan agar terhindar dari infeksi.

 

Penyakit thalasemia adalah penyakit yang membutuhkan perawatan dalam jangka waktu seumur hidup, tergantung dari keparahan penyakit yang dialami. Jika Anda didiagnosis mengalami thalasemia, konsultasikan dengan dokter mengenai pengobatan, pola makan dan gaya hidup untuk mengendalikan thalasemia. 

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang memanfaatkan tekonologi kecerdasan buatan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Rabu, 7 Juni 2023 | 07:10

CDC. What is Thalassemia?. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/thalassemia/facts.html#

Mayo Clinic. Thalassemia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thalassemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354995#

NHS. Thalassemia Carriers. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/thalassaemia/carriers/#

Cleveland Clinic. Thalassemias. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14508-thalassemias

Holm, G. (2019). Everything You Need to Know About Thalassemia. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/thalassemia

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new730μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 1 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9521 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9521
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2133 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2133
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10138 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10138
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.02msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7324 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7122
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7147 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7147
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7121 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7121
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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